Extraction of volatile oils from citrus fruits

Abstract

This study focused on ten kidney stones of Sudanese patients using infrared spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP/ES). The samples were collected from Khartoum educational hospital. Statistical analysis has been carried out for data of patients with kidney stones for the years 1999 to 2011 using SPSS program. The infrared spectroscopy indicated that; calcium oxalate and uric acid are commonly found in Sudanese patients. Elemental analysis was carried out to determine the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Ca and Mg. The averages of these concentrations were 0.16, 34.75, 32.67, 784.95, 0.058, 1.35, 840.18 ppm and 0.41, 10.57, 13.33 wt% respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that males are more likely than females to stone formation, older subjects more than 25 years are susceptible to suffer stone formation.