Effect of Toombak Use on Oral Mucosal Cytology in Khartoum State

Abstract

This study was carried out in Sudan (Khartoum state) to assess the effect of toombak use on oral mucosal cytology. The study conducted during the period from (June to August 2007). The study included 100 of toombak users as exposed, and 100 non tobacco users as non- exposed. Epithelial atypia was detected in 25 (12.5%) of the 200 studied subjects. Among the 25 subjects, 20 (80%) were toombak dippers while 5(20%) were non tobacco users. While all of the 5(20%) showed mild atypia, the 20(80%) showed different degrees of atypia. Ventral-lateral tongue was the most affected site when compared to the buccal and lower lip sites. Inflammatory changes were detected among 12(12%) of toombak users. Toombak may be regarded as a risk factor for developing oral epithelial atypia. Toombak users should undergo continuous screening programs. Oral exfoliative cytology is a reliable, simple, non- invasive procedure that can be implemented for comprehensive oral screening program. Further studies covering large population scale is highly recommended.