Immunohistochemical Detection of P53 and Bcl-2 in Colorectal Tumors

Abstract

This is a hospital based descriptive retrospective study. It was conducted at Souba Teaching Hospital, Omdurman Military Hospital and Sudan University of Science and Technology (Khartoum state), during period from April to August 2013, aimed to detect P53 and Bcl-2 expression in colorectal tumors. A total number of 50 tissue paraffin blocks previously diagnosed as colorectal tumors were selected. 40 (80%) samples were colorectal adenocarcinoma and 10 (20%) samples were colorectal adenomatous polyps. Their age ranged from 5 to 78 years old with mean age of 49 years, 30 (60%) were males and 20 (40%) were females. Tissue section were cut and stained using haematoxylin and eosin method to confirm histopathological diagnosis and new indirect method for histochemical detection of p53 and Bcl-2. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS program version 11.5. Frequencies mean and chi square test value was calculated. Colorectal adenocarcinoma showed 17 (42.5%) samples were well differentiated adenocarcinoma, 11 (27.5%) samples were moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, while 6 (15%) samples poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and the rest 6 (15%) samples were not graded adenocarcinoma. Positive p53 expression was detected in 23 (46%) samples of colorectal adenocarcinoma with on expression in adenomatous polyps. 17 (32%) and 10 (20%) samples of colorectal adenocarcinoma and adenomatous polyps, respectively showed negative nuclear p53 expression. Concerning bcl-2, positive expression was detected in 29 (58%) samples of colorectal adenocarcinoma and only one (2%) sample of adenomatous polyps, while 11 (22%) and 9 (18%) samples of colorectal adenocarcinoma and adenomatous polyps, respectively revealed negative bcl-2 expression. This study found that there is significant relation between age group and colorectal adenocarcinoma, also showed significant relation between colorectal adenocarcinoma and p53 expression, as well bcl-2 expression and colorectal adenocarcinoma, while there is no significant relation between p53 and bcl-2 expressions in colorectal adenocarcinoma. This study concluded that p53 and bcl-2 expression associated with malignant colorectal tissue compared to benign tissue, as well as no significant relation between p53 and bcl-2 expression and colorectal adenocarcinoma grades.