Energy Loss of Heavy Ions at High Velocity

Abstract

The energy loss had been studied in the situation of heavy ions at high velocity. The first chapter discusses the heavy ions, ion channeling, stopping powers high velocity and fluctuation. The second chapter had been about the formulas that discuss the energy loss classically and quantum mechanically. The third chapter had been about other topics that related to the energy loss such as Lind hard treatment, Barkas correction and high– Z material. In chapter four other important that related to the energy loss which had been the effect of dynamic screening, cross section, ion potential and the impact parameter. The last chapter gives the discussion and the calculations.