Localization and Grading of placenta in the 3rd Trimester by Using Ultrasound

Abstract

The placenta is temporary organ of the pregnant lady it is important for the development of embryo and fetus in the uterus. The ultrasonography provide fast simple means of establishing the topographic and relationship of the placenta to the uterine wall and cervical os without exposing the pregnant lady and the fetus to the risk of radiographic and radian nuclide imaging. Localization of the placenta and grading has become a routine part of every baseline obstetric ultrasonographic examinations. In this study The researchers the gross anatomy, Sonographic anatomy, physiology, pathology of the female reproductive system, the placental development and the abnormal of its implantations within the uterine wall. We reviewed also the relations of the placental localization and grading with the ages of pregnant ladies, clinical presentation, parity and the past history (C/S chronic diseases, D&C, recurrent abortions). During this study which ran from 4th of August to 4th November 2007, 50 pregnant ladies had been investigated whom they are randomly selected during their routine antenatal visits in Police hospital, in the third trimester. Simeins ultrasound machine were used transabdominal scan with 3.5 MHZ curv elinear transducer with moderately filled urinary bladder in supine position. 70% of 50 patients enrolled in our study showed anterior upper placenta. 22% posterior upper, 4% fundal, and 4% of placenta previa.

The percentage of placental grading as follow: Grade 0 / 4% grade 1 / 30% grade 2/ 52% grade 3/ 14% The results showed that the ultrasound accurately diagnosing the placental localization and its grades, and it reduces the complication, mortality and morbidity of the fetus and mothers by early detection of any abnormality through out the pregnancy. Because it does not need ionizing radiation, inexpensive, yet can provide a very accurate multidimensional images of the placenta and fetus, besides it can be used a way from a clinic or hospital it is remain the simple and safest way to diagnose the placenta and its locution and reducing the negative CS rates and save the mother and fetus from morbidity and mortality, we concluded that ultrasound in late pregnancy is a key tool which should be used to complements clinical diagnosis of placental sites and grades.