Frequency of Salmonella typhimurium in Patients with Gastroenteritis and Antimicrobials Resistance

Abstract

This study was carried out in Khartoum state and Aljazeera state during the period from November 2008 to March 2009,to determine the frequency of salmonella typhimurium in patients with gastroenteritis and to determine its resitance to traditionally used antimicrobial agents . One hundred and ninety stool specimens were collected from patients attended Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital and El- hasahisa Teaching Hospital .The specimens were cultured in selenite F broth and incubated overnight then subcultured on xylose lysine deoxycholate ager for primary isolation of pathogen . The identification of S. typhimurium was done by colonial morphology , Gram's stain and biochemical tests using API20E. Modified Kirby –Baur disc diffusion method was adopted to determine the resistance rate of S.typhimurium to chloramphenicol , ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, gentamicin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, tetracycline, and strepomycin . Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the above mentioned antimicrobial agents were determine by E. test . Out of the one hundred and ninety stool specimens examined, only 2 (1.1%) S. typhimurium were recovered. The result revealed that the antimicrobial resistance of S. typhimurium was as follow; streptomycin (100%), ceftazidime and tetracycline(50% each), chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin (0% each). The results indicated that the MIC, MIC50 and MIC90 of chloramphenicol were (0.5-5mg\ml, 5mg\ml and 5mg\ml), gentamicin were (0.25mg\ml each), ciprofloxacin were (0.004mg\ml each), ceftriaxone were (0.1mg\ml each), ceftazidime were (1mg\ml each) and tetracycline were (2mg\ml each). The study concluded that the presence of S. typhimurium in clinical specimens was low. The drug of choice, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and ceftriaxone remain highly effective and could be used successfully to treat acute gastroenteritis due to S. typhimurium .