THE BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF MALATHION TOXICITY IN MALE CHICKENS

Abstract

The present study was carried out in the Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Vet. Medicine- Sudan University of Science and Technology. The study was carried out to investigate the effects of malathion toxicity in male chicken on some selected biochemical parameters,(Glucose, Total Protein (TP), Albumin, Aspartate Transaminase(AST), Alanine amino Transaminase(ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), Urea, Creatinine, Bilirubin, Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides(TG), haematological characters such as, Haemoglobin,(Hb%), Pack Cell Volume (PCV%), Red Blood Cells (RBCs), Total White Blood Cells (TWBCs) and Differential counts (DC) and serum minerals, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, and In organic phosphate. Physical characteristics were also studied such as mortality rate, body weight loses, paralysis and diarrhea. Two experiments were conducted. The first one to determine the LD50 of technical malathion 57% on male chicken and the second one to evaluate its effects on biochemical and haematological parameters. The results revealed that : Physical Characters : These characters include, mortality rate, body weight, paralysis, and diarrhea which showed significant decreases in body weight, severe signs of paralysis and diarrhea accompanied by increases of the toxic dose. Biochemical parameters: The Hb% and PCV% declined resulted to the toxic dose, where , RBCS and TWBCS increased. There was increase in glucose and albumin concentration, where, total protein showed sharp decreases and affected by high doses, respectively. Liver Enzyme : AST, ALT and GGT increased significantly while, ALP level, decreased significantly by increasing of the toxic dose, respectively. Serum Minerals: Sodium, and calcium levels showed no change with the low doses, where they were significantly increased with the high doses and long term treatments. On the other hand potassium, magnesium and inorganic phosphate were gradually decreased with the increasing of the toxic doses, and were significantly lower with high doses. Kidney functions were affected by malathion toxic doses, and showed significant increases in urea, creatinine and bilirubin concentration. Long term treatments showed complete renal failure. Triglyceride (TG): TG showed no changes with the low doses, and significantly decreased with the high doses. Total Cholesterol (TC): TC showed slight decreases with the low doses and gradually increased with the high doses, where it was significantly increased with the low doses in long term treatments.