Detection of Penicillinase and Carbapenemase among Bacteria isolated from Patients in Elobid Hospitals

Abstract

β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins and cephalosporins are the most widely used antibiotics. β-lactamases are the greatest source of resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins. This study was carried out to detect penicillinase and carbapenemase production among pathogenic bacteria during the period from February to September 2018. One hundred (100) specimens (80 urine specimens and 20 wounds wabs) were collected from Elobied Teaching Hospital and Military Hospital. Socioeconomic data such as age, gender and level of education and occupation were obtained from each patient. Urine specimens were cultured on cystine lactose electrolyte deficiency ( CLED) agar, while wound swabs were cultured on Blood agar and Chocholate agar. Colonial morphology, Gram stain and biochemical test, were used to identify the isolates. The susceptibility patterns of the isolated bacteria to selected antibiotics was performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Carbapenemase and penicillinas production was detected by modified Hodge test (MHT). The results revealed that 62(62%) of specimens showed bacterial growth, while 38(38%) showed no bacterial growth. Out of this 62, 51(82.2%) from urine specimens and 11(17.8%) from wound specimens. Bacterial growth in females were 48(77.4%) and14 (22.6%) were from males. the growth was high in age group (20-40) which was 31(66.1%). Basic and non-educated patients showed high bacterial growth 27(43.5%) and 21(35.4%) respectively. Patients that do not used antibiotic in last three month were 56(90.4%) while 6 (9.6%) were used. The isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (E. coli) 16(25.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) 15(24.2%), Klebsilla spp 10(16.1%), Proteus spp 5 (8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa) 4(6.5%), and Enterobacter 1(1.6%) isolated from urine specimens, while from wound specimens the isolate was Proteus spp11(17.8%).The sensitivity patterns of the isolates to selected antibiotic was Imipenem (77%), Ciprofloxacin (76%), Ceftazidime (37%), Nalidixicacid (33%), Tetracycline (58%), Co-trimexazol (52%) in urine specimen while in wound specimens was Penicillin (0%), Ceftazidime (0%), Erythromycin (18.2) and Amikacin (72.7). Out of 32, isolate which show resistant to antibiotics 21 were resistant to penicillin and 12 were resistant to Imipenem. Carbapenemase production was 3(9.4%) and Penicillinase production was 22(68.7%) by modified Hodge test (MHT) It is concluded that there is high prevalence of penicillinase production among hospital patients. Further studies using large number of specimens and advanced technique are recommended to validate the results of this study.