Measurements of Radiation Doses and Risks Estimation During Cardiac Interventional Radiology Procedures

Abstract

The focus of our study is the measurement of radiation doses and risk assessment during interventional cardiac procedures. When X-rays are used to depict the arteries and veins of the heart for the safety of diagnosis and treatment, the patient is exposed to direct radiation, and when taking high doses, the patient has the risk of radiation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the optimal dose and to clarify the factors that affect the dose of radiation to which the patient is exposed and how to avoid exceeding the permissible dose limit. 188 Cardiac procedures for elderly patients in two heart centers in Sudan in period (2016 - 2018), we divided the intervention heart procedures into three main groups is coronary angiography, coronary catheterization and pacemaker. We measured the dose area product, and the entrance surface dose. We found that the high dose in the therapeutic catheter is (102.9± 50.7 Gycm2) was higher than the diagnosis is (50.5± 17.9 Gycm2) and less at the pacemaker is (24.6± 1.9 Gycm2). When estimating the risk of radiation, we found that the risk ratio is weak (highest value recorded in the therapeutic catheter (0.3%) and minimum in pacemaker (0.03%)) and does not cause any damage unless repeated exposure to radiation. The study found that the optimal radiation dose depends on a number of parameters of exposure, Fluoroscopy time an number of films and number of frame, and to reduce the risk of radiation and achieve the optimal dose and maintain the lowest possible level, we recommended apply the largest possible distance and minimum number of frame and the number of films and Follow all procedures with high accuracy and train doctors and radiologist as well as suggest a specific program planning before the procedure so this helps to reduce radiation dose and avoid radiation hazards