ترجمة الصفحات من ( 167 – 234) من كتاب مدخل الاقتصاد الكلي والجزئي

Abstract

I have immense pleasure to bring out the present book which is basically designed to cover complete syllabus of Economics for Higher Secondary second year examination (Class XII) as introduced by the Nagaland Board of Secondary Education from the session 2004–2005. The book will also be useful for the students appearing in class XII examination under CBSE. The introduction of new syllabus has created vacuum in respect of suitable books exactly in conformity to NBSE syllabus. As such the present book has been written particularly keeping in mind the problems faced by students studying economics as a paper under NBSE. The book will equally serve the purpose of students opting either Arts or Commerce stream. The book is written in a very simple language understanding that it is meant for beginners. The book contains two Parts-A and B. Part-A analysis Microeconomics and Part-B deals with Macroeconomics. The new syllabus containing microeconomics and macroeconomics with eleven units in total have been suitably divided into twenty seven chapters. Unit-5 and unit-11 in the contents are meant for CBSE students only. At the end of the book, selected basic economic terms have been included under the heading ‘Elementary Economic Terms’. These are the terms most commonly and frequently used in economics and also in real life. The underlying idea is to provide a student general understanding of economics as a subject more clearly and analytically. Past years examination question papers of the NBSE from 1995 onwards have also been incorporated. I am thankful to my wife Mili Dutta for constant inspiration and my lovely daughter Sneha who has given me much time to work on it smoothly. I am also thankful to my colleagues who have directly or indirectly lent their helping hands. I am very much grateful to Mr. Saumya Gupta (Managing Director), Mr. V.R. Damodaran (Production Editor) and Saba Khan (Development Editor) of M/s New Age International (P) Limited, New Delhi for taking prompt and sincere initiative for publishing the book in a right time. I would always invite critical views and suggestions for improvement of the book from both students and fellow teachers.يوجد ارتباط وثيق بين ميزان المدفوعات وسعر الصرف . يعتبر في الحقيقة ، ان سعر الصرف بمثابة المرآة التي تعكس وضعية ميزان المدفوعات للدولة ........