Sero-detection of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies among Hemodialysis Patients in Khartoum State

Abstract

The main aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) antibodies (IgG and IgM) using Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), among 160 hemodialysis patients and 40 apparently healthy control in Khartoum State. Hemodialysis patients in this study were selected from Ibn Sina Specialized Hospital, Khartoum North Renal Center and Omdurman Teaching Hospital. Of the 160 dialysis patients 107 were males (65.6%) and 53 were females (33.1%) and their ages ranged from 14 to 90 years. The subgroups of hemodialysis patients were, 110 hepatitis-negative (68.8%), 26 HBV-positive (16.3%) and 24 HCV-positive (15.0%). Out of the 40 control subjects,19 were males (47%) and 21were females (53%) and their ages ranged from14 to73 years. The prevalence of CMV antibodies was high among both the hemodialysis patients (98.12%) and the control group (100%). While 157 hemodialysis patients were anti- CMV IgG positive (98.12%), only 3 were negative (1.88%). Among different hemodialysis patients subgroups, 108 hepatitis-negative (98.2%), 26 HBV-positive (100%) and 23 HCV-positive (95.5%) were positive to anti-CMV IgG and there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between them. It was found that 105 males (98.13%) and 52 females (98.11%) were anti-CMV IgG positive and there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between both genders. In contrast, all 40 control subjects (males and females ) were positive for anti-CMV IgG (100%). Out of the 11 anti-CMV IgM positive dialysis patients (6.9%) 5 were hepatitis-negative (45.5%), 4 were HBV-positive (36.4%) and 2 were HCV-positive (18.2%) and there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between them. The study also found that 8 males (72.7%) and 3 females (27.3%) were anti-CMV IgM positive and there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between them. In additition, out of the 11 control subjeccts 4 males (36.4%) and 7 females (63.6%) were anti-CMV IgM positive (27.0%) and there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between them. Furthermore, this study found that the main risk factor for primary or past infection of CMV was aging and for secondary infection or reinfection or reactivation of virus was blood transfusion. However, hepatitis viruses, sex,the marital status, chronicity of hemodialysis, multiple hemodialysis, blood transfusion, and the crowdness were not risk factors for CMV infections.