Cytomorphological pattern and Periodic Acid Schiff's Reaction Positivity of Buccal Mucosa in Diabetic Patients

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine metabolic disorders, it has effects on various tissues of the body include the cells of oral mucosa, and its glycogen content. One of the main objectives to demonstrate the cytological changes and Periodic Acid Schiff's positivity in the buccal mucosa of diabetes patient. This cross sectional descriptive study conducted in Sudan University of Sciences and Technology, the cytological sample were collected from diabetes patient attending, Khartoum, Omdurman, and Bahry teaching hospitals, during the period between February to May 2011. One hundred diabetic patients approached to participate in this study, 30 non diabetes participated as control. Two cytological smeared were prepared on two microscopical slides and stained one with Papanicolaou stain and other with periodic acid and Schiff reaction. The cytological examination of patient smears showed that, 32 (32%), 36 (36%), and 32 (32%), had no change, inflammatory reaction, and micro nuclear changes respectively. The Periodic Acid Schiff's reactive results reported as fellows, 30 (30%), 46 (46%), 20 (20%), and 4 (4%), had negative, weekly positive, moderately positive, and strongly positive respectively. While the control 24 (80%), 2 (6.7%) and 4 (13.3%) had no change, inflammatory reaction and micro nuclear change respectively. All the Periodic Acid Schiff's reactive results of the control group showed negative result. Comparison between the cytological change and PAS, among the diabetics patient and control group showed significant difference. The study conclude that the Diabetes mellitus lead to cytological change in the buccal mucosa , and this change found in diabetic duration from 11-20 year ,also the PAS positivity in oral mucosa cells , these changes found in diabetic duration less than 10 years. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding with larger sample size.