Study of Congestive heart failure (CHF) Disease using chest x-ray and Electrocardiogram (ECG) in Sudanese patients

Abstract

The aim of the following study was to study the congestive heart failure (CHF)disease by using chest x-ray and ECG in Sudanese Patients ,the study taking a sample of 120 patients from Khartoum, Omdurman, Aljazeera, and Kosti hospitals. And the variables were: the age, gender, and clinical history, etiology, habits, BMI, heart/chest ratio, enlarged chamber and the relative deviated wave in ECG. The data analysis showed that: CHF is predominant among male with a percent of 56% relative to 44% among female. CHF have been increased following the age increment and the high incidence of heart disease has occurred among age group of 65-77 years. The majority of the sample was either obese representing 57% or over weight representing 35%. The most common cofactors for induction of CHF were the social stress, diabetes, hypertension and overweight which representing 28%, 22%, 16% and 14% respectively, with less impact of obesity and smoking which representing 13% and 7% respectively. Khartoum state was the most endemic with CHF showing a percent of 40% of the total sample, Aljazeera state showed 25%, White Nile showed 20%, Red Sea showed 10% and West of Sudan showed 5%. The common type of heart diseases was the coronary arteries diseases representing 45% of the total sample, Valves diseases represent 17%, Myocardial infarctions represent 23% and congestive heart failure was 15%. The common signs of patient’s Heart Diseases in Sudan during June 2014 – June 2015, which were Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, High Cholesterol, breathing rate, edema, palpitation with relative frequencies 9%, 11%, 6%, 12%, 8% and 10% respectively. The cardiothoracic ration increases and hence increase the breathing rate/min. and the correlation could be fitted in the following equation: y = 0.020x + 0.202, where y refers to cardiothoracic ratio and x refers to breathing rate/min. and all the patients have CTR exceeding the normal range (0.5) which in turn has direct impact on the breathing rate increment beyond the normal rang 12-20bpm. There is increasing proportional relationship between the age and respiratory rate/min; such relation fits the following equation: y = 0.205x + 12.84, where y refers to respiratory rate/min and x refers to age in years which is significant as R2 = 0.7. The cardiothoracic ration increases and hence increase the peak of the R wave. And the correlation could be fitted in the following equation : y=29.724x+9.9295.where y refers to peak of R wave and x refer to the cardiothoracic ratio. The common deviated ECG waves were QRS and T vi with frequencies of 39.1% and 25.5% respectively, with consideration that: the QRS wave represents the state of left ventricle (depolarization of ventricles) while T wave state the re-polarization of the ventricles. The enlarged chamber in the heart was the left ventricle that representing 55% relative to other chambers as 19%, 15%, and 11% for the left atrium, right ventricle and right atrium respectively. The most of the sample were overweight as 45%, obese as 40%, and the normal as 15%. The most common stage of CHF was stage III that showing 55% among the sample relative to stage I (2%), II (30%) and IV (13%).