Isolation and Characterization of Some Constituents of Ximenia Americana. L Bark

Abstract

Ximenia Americana is considered one of medicinal plant which are widely used especially in West of Sudan. This plant has been studied in this research, which is collected from Nuba Mountains and Babanusa. In part I of the present study, crude extracts of different parts of plant was investigated for their biological activity. Preliminary investigations were carried out to select the plant extracts of the highest activity for further investigation. The extracts were screened for phytochemical constituents: alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids/sterols and anthraquinones and assessed for their biological activities against four Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one fungi: Candida albicans by the agar diffusion method. The second part of this study dealt with the evaluation of preliminary screening and assessment results of the extracts. The Ximeniaamericana bark was selected for further investigation based on its promising biological activity. The bark material of the plant was extracted using solvents with different polarities. The ethyl acetate extract of the bark was selected for further fractionation based on antimicrobial activity results. Isolation of active compounds from the different extracts was carried out using bioassay-guided fractionation. Selection of the active fractions for further fractionation was carried out based on antimicrobial activity results. Column chromatography monitored by TLC were used in fractionation and isolation of pure compounds. Various techniques including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR) spectrometry and GC/MS were used for structure elucidation of the isolated compounds. V Column Chromatography has been done for ethyl acetate extract which produced (22) semi- pured fractions, then bioactivity of these extracts has been detected against previous bacteria and fungi, also they showed a level of bioactivity especially fraction 16 and has been purified via thin layer chromatography. Many compounds has been isolated and defined via (GCMS) device to give the following compounds: Phenol, 2, 4-bis (1,1- dimethylethyl) (C14H22O), Methylhydroquinone,bis(trimethylsilyl) (C13H24O2Si2), 8-Octadecanone (C18H26O), Benzocyclodecene,tetradecahydro (C14H26), n- Heptadecyclocyclohexane (C23H46), Nonanoic acid, 9-oxo-,methyl ester (C10H18O3), Phenol,2-4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) (C14H22O), Dodecanoic acid, dimethyl ester (C13H26O2), Methyl tetradecanoate (C15H30O2), n- Pentadecanol (C15H32O), n-Nonadecanol-1 (C19H40O), n-Tetracoanol-1 (C24H50O), 1-Nonadecene (C19H28), Triacontyl heptafluorobutyrate (C34H61F7O2). Toxicity of these extracts has been studied via “Brine shrimp lethality” test, whereas study has showed that LD50 for Chloroform and ethyl acetate are: 5.1817 μ g/ml and 16.3765 μ g/ml respectively, which confirm toxicity of these extracts. Results show that these extracts have a bioactivity in treatment of cancer. The name and Structure elucidation of the pure compound zm4 from fraction 16 Di-(2'-ethylhexyl)dihydro phthalate Structure of Compound Zm4[Di-(2'-ethylhexyl)dihydro phthalate]