Assessment of plasma UreaCreatinine and Uric acid levels among Sudanese Cigarette Smokers

Abstract

This is a case-control study, conducted to determine the effect of cigarettes smoking on urea, creatinine and uric acid levels in Sudanese male cigarette smokers in a period from March to May 2015. Eighty samples were collected from cigarette smokers without diseases that may affect levels of urea, creatinine and uric acid. And fifty non-smokers people as control were informed about study and informed consent for participation was obtained. 2.5 ml of venous blood was collected in heparin containers and investigated for urea, creatinnine and uric acid levels using semi-automated mindery analyzer. statistical package for social science (SPSS) computer program version 16 was used for data analysis. The study results showed a significant elevation in Urea and Creatinine levels in cigarette smokers when compared to non-cigarette smokers. Urea (29.2±6.7versus 25.4±5.9mg/dl, p.value= 0.00). Creatinine (1.05±0.233 versus 0.76±0.28 mg/dl, p.value =0.00). The study results showed a significant decreased in Uric acid level in cigarette smokers when compared to non-cigarette smokers. (5.06± 1.1 versus 5.6± 0.81mg/dl, p.value =0.01). Person correlation showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the duration of cigarette smokers and the levels of Urea (r=0.63, p.value=0.00) and Creatinine (r=0.51, p.value=0.00). Also there was a significant negative correlation between the duration of cigarette smokers and the level of Uric acid (r=0.39, p.value=0.00). There was no obvious significant correlation between the number of cigarettes per day and the levels of Urea, Creatinine and Uric acid. Urea (r=0.031, p.value=0.79), Creatinine (r=0.02, p.value=0.84) and Uric acid (r= -0.009, p.value=0.94). This study concluded that the plasma Urea and creatinine levels are significantly increased in Sudanese smokers, while the plasma Uric acid level is significantly decreased. Also it was found that the plasma Urea, creatinine and Uric acid levels affected by age and duration of smoking, and not affected by number of cigarette per day.