Detection and Identification of Some Seed Borne Fungi of Groundnut from Different locations with Emphasis on Aspergilus flavus and its Control in Sudan

Abstract

The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions of plant protection Department, College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST), During March and April 2015. The objective of this research is to detect, identify seed borne fungi associated with seeds of groundnut, (Arachis haypogaea L.), and test the effect of ethanol extracts of (Ginger rhizomes Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and Neem (leaves Azadirachta indica A.Juss)، against fungi Aspergillus flavus strain. Seeds samples of groundnut was collected from four regions in Sudan (Algeneina, Nyla, New hafa and Alrahad-alfao), two samples from each region of seasons (2013-2014 and 2014-2015), the study covered Seed health Testing process, detection and identification of Seed borne fungi before-after cultured seeds of groundnut on PDA media and Filter papers methods. Five types of fungus were detected, identificated and isolated, these fungus are Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum, Alternaria alternata and Rhizopus. The result showed that the degree of inhibition of fungi increase with the increasing of ethanol extract concentration which added with concentrations (25%, 50% and 100%) to A. flavus strain, moreover the ethanol extracts of Ginger and Neem at concentration of 100% gave the highest redaction of the growth on A. flavus in the last day from incubation, the inhibition growth was (89% and 86.4%), respectively. Ethanol extracts contain antifungal compounds which could be used as alternatives for the fungicides for assurance the safety of human and plant from risk of fungicides.