Prevalence of Renal Stones in primary school students in the Northern State of Sudan

Abstract

Renal stones can affect people in all ages and it can be asymptomatic. This is a research deals with the prevalence of renal stones in the students of primary schools in Borgaig city in the Northern state of Sudan. The research data were collected by using a portable ultrasound machine (fukuda) and doing KUB ultrasound scanning for 103 students in two schools (72-females and 31-males)in Borgaig city in the Northern state of Sudan. The students’ ages were between 11 and 14years, all of them underwent a standard KUB sonogram performed by the researcher. A number of 36 pupils of 103 were found to be having sizable renal stones either single stone (12.6%) of the studied group or multiple stones (22.3%) of the studied group and 11 pupils were found not to be having renal stones. The remaining 56 pupils were found not to be having sizable renal stones but there were gravels(36.9%) or sandy stones(17.5%)the overall prevalence of all types of renal stones were (89.3%)in the studied group of the students,(35%) of it were sizable stones which is very high compared to the international readings( highest reading was 20.1% in Saudi Arabia in 2013).The prevalence was higher (7 of 7 pupils 100%) in those who were using wells water as a basic source for drinking water than in those who were using River Nile water as a basic source of drinking(68of 96) students with percentage of )70.8%(, which is also not low rate. By the end of the survey it is found that Kidney stones are relatively common in the primary school students in the north state of Sudan (89.3%). UTI (which is considered to be one of the signs of renal stones) showed high rate (54.2%) in the 72 participant females pupils while it was only (22.6%) in the 31 male pupils