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Occurrence, Seasonal abundance and Infestation Level of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) - (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Sudan

Thu, 01 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Occurrence, Seasonal abundance and Infestation Level of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) - (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Sudan Authors: Eltoum Toto, Oumgema; Mohamed Khair, Sief El Din; Abd El-Rahman Ahmed, Mahdi; Mohamed Elamin Elawad, Loai Abstract: A field survey was done in three different agricultural areas in Sudan (Khartoum, Sinnar and New Halfa) to determine the occurrence, seasonal abundance and population density of Fall Armyworm (FAW),(Spodoptera frugiperda) during the periods from July 2018 - June 2019 and from June 2019 – July 2020. Synthetic pheromone traps produced by Russell IPM, UK were used to estimate the presence, seasonal abundance and infestation level of FAW. The traps were checked every week during the period of experiment. The Analysis of collected data from three agricultural areas (Shambat, ELfaki Hashim and Soba) in Khartoum State showed that the significant highest population peak number of Fall Armyworm (FAW) was recorded in late Autumn months (August and September) followed by early winter months (November and December). While, the number of the insect decreased in late winter months (January and February) and the prolong declined was achieved in summer months (March and June). In Sinnar and New Halfa the FAW population was affected by the fluctuation of rain fall, the highest number occurred in rainy months (July to September). In general high infestation rate and damage were recorded in plants sown in autumn season (August and September) and early winter season (November and December) while low infestation rate was recorded in the late winter (January and February). From March to June FAW infestation had declined gradually to an undetectable level. In conclusion these results approved that FAW is the predominant and destructive pest during fall and winter seasons and infestation level depends on the weather condition and sowing date.

Evaluation of Escherichia Coli and Salmonella spp. in Yoghurt Processing in Khartoum State – Sudan

Thu, 01 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Evaluation of Escherichia Coli and Salmonella spp. in Yoghurt Processing in Khartoum State – Sudan Authors: A. I., Eldow; M. M, Maha; M. A, Abdalla; .A. K, Omer Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the total viable bacterial load in the different stages of yoghurt processing, and to isolate and identify Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli during the period from November 2015 to October 2017 in yoghurt production unit in Khartoum- Sudan. Sixty samples were collected at different six stages of the processing (Whole milk, pasteurized milk, cold pasteurized milk, milk +starter, after incubation and Cold Yoghurt)where the isolation and identification of the two types of bacteria (Salmonella spp. and Escherichia Coli ) were investigated. The results revealed that the Total Viable Count (T. V. C.) indicated the highest level of contamination in Whole Milk stage ( Mean (Log.CFU/ml) = 6.93±0.20 in which the positive samples for Salmonella spp. 2(3.84)% and Escherichia coli . 10(19.16)% while the lower contamination level was at hot pasteurized milk stage ( Mean (Log-CFU/ml)=6.34±0.07 in which the positive samples for Salmonella spp. 2(3.6) %, and Escherichia coli . 3(5.4)%.The statistical analysis of the result revealed there was a significant difference at (P ≤0.05) of total viable bacterial count in different processing stages of yoghurt production The study concluded that, contamination was reported in all stages of yoghurt production processes with Escherichia Coli and Salmonella spp.

Bioactivity of Usher (Calotropis procera Ait.) Aqueous Extract Against Cotton Mealy Bug (Phenacoccus solenopsis) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)

Thu, 01 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Bioactivity of Usher (Calotropis procera Ait.) Aqueous Extract Against Cotton Mealy Bug (Phenacoccus solenopsis) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) Authors: Alhabib Alraih Abdelgader, Mohammed; Mohamed Elamin Elawad, Loai Abstract: The experiments were conducted in the Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Studies (Shambat), Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST).The aim of this study is to evaluate the bioactivity of Ushar (Calotropis procera(aqueous extract against cotton mealy bug (Phenacoccus solenopsis) and other synergistic materials (sesame oil and Agral®) under laboratory condition. In this experiment four different concentrations (2.5 %, 5 %, 7.5% and 10 %) were used. Three treatments were evaluated; Usher aqueous extract alone, Ushar plus Agral® (Alkyl Phenol ethylene oxide) and Ushar plus sesame oil. Each concentration was replicated four times and the mortality % was recorded after 1day, 2 days, and 3days post treatment. The statistical analysis showed that there are significant differencse between the different treatments and control. The results approved that Ushar aqueous extract had insecticidal activity against cotton mealy bug (Phenacoccus solenopsis) especially when mixed with sesame oil and Agral® substance and both of them posed a synergistic action. Therefore this botanical extract can be one of the promising alternative bio-insecticides in the future.

Evaluation of Chemical and Physical Properties of Fish in Different Water Nile in Khartoum State

Thu, 01 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Evaluation of Chemical and Physical Properties of Fish in Different Water Nile in Khartoum State Authors: M. M, Maha; D. H, Enas Abstract: This study was conducted in Khartoum State -Sudan to evaluate the effects of fish species Malpetrauselectriccus (A) , Tetradonfahaka( B) and water environment on chemical, physical properties of fish patties. Fish species samples were collected from three different water environments, River Nile(R.N), White Nile(W.N) and Blue Nile(B.N). Patties were formulated after collection of the fresh fish as two groups(A and B) . The chemical analysis showed that, the protein, moisture, ash content and ether extract (E.E) were significantly different(p< 0.05), among samples in the two groups(A and B) as the highest protein content(31.30 ±0.232)was shown in A in R.N and the lowest one (29.37±0.175) reported at B in W.N. Group A in W.N reported the highest content of ether extract(6.37±0.21) ,however the lowest content was found in B in R.N. The pH showed no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05) in the three water environments ,while samples of the two groups(A and B) were significantly different (p< 0.05) in cooking loss that B in B.N reported the highest percentage ( 38.00±2.48),in reverse to A in W.N that recorded the lowest percentage (28.00±2.48 ).The difference in fish species and water environments affected significantly on chemical composition and cooking loss of fish patties.