Abstract:
A survey was conducted on a random sample of poultry farms
of different management systems in February and March
2012, focusing on antibiotic uses and residues in commercial
table eggs in Khartoum State being the leader in poultry
production.
The study also focused on knowledge on many factors
pertaining to the study but mainly antibiotic uses, withdrawal
period, rules and regulations and the impact on human
health.
Close-ended structured questionnaire on categoral variables
was used and its validity was assessed by comparison with
reliable criteria references. Information recorded was
captured through direct interviews.
Open ended questions unstructured interview was conducted
in may 2012 in different locations including Ministry of Animal
Resources, Fisheries and Pastures, Soba Central Laboratory,
Sudanese Standards Metrological Organization,
Pharmaceutical Companies and Pharmacies and National
Medicine and Poisons Board-Veterinary Pharmaceuticals
Registration Department.
The interview was conducted to investigate on the injudicious
use of antibiotics and the impact on both animal and human
health.
Descriptive statistics was analyzed by SPSS 17 and the
categorical variables by ANOVA table.
The main results abstracted from the study of the 30 farms
random sample and of which 19 open housing, 6 semi closed
2
and 5 closed of which most 500 birds or more per house in
all-in- all- out production systems are as follows:-
· 73.3% were under veterinary supervision and 26.7% not
being a considerable number.
· 80% resort to veterinarians for dose assessment.
· 60% of the study sample store drugs and medicines in
stores in the farms.
· For antibiotic use 90% of the farm used antibiotic in
February and 93.3% in March 2012 and of all these 70%
used water route.
· For reasons of antibiotics uses 40% were for therapeutic
reasons and 60% for both therapeutic and prophylactic
reasons.
· On the knowledge about the concept of withdrawal
period 70% answered negatively and for selling products
during drug administration 86.7% answered positively,
about drug effect on consumer health 73.3% answered
(No), for knowledge of egg quality 76.7%lacked
knowledge and about passage of drug from the hen to
the egg 60% had no knowledge.
· About the knowledge of any regulations and/or rules,
techniques controlling antibiotics uses in the industry
90% of the respondents answered "No".
The study highlighted the non-judicious use of antibiotics and
exposed ignorance and lack of awareness of misuse on
animal and human health and absence of controlling
regulations and rules
