Ethnic and Geographical Distribution of Sickle Cell Anemia Patients in Al-gadarif Teaching Hospital (Algadarif State)

Abstract

This is a descreptive, cross –sectional ,analytical study has been carried out in Algadrif hospital (Algadarif state) from December 2008 to January 2009. The study aimed to detect the ethnic and geographical distribution of sickle cell anemia in patients referring to Algadarif hospital . Hundred blood samples were collected into EDTA blood containers (2-5 ml) from different SCD patients.All samples were investigated by mythic 18 for CBC and also investigated for Hb type by using of Hb electrophoresis. Data were analyzed using statistical package program for social sciences (SPSS). The study showed that the frequency of SCD was found in Hosa tribe with frequency of 57% Followed by Falata, Burno, Four, Masalet , Tama and Messeria with frequency of 18%,9%7%,5%,3% 1%respectively . Geographic distribution showed that the highest frequency of sickle cell disease was faund in tribes originated from outside Sudan (Hosa , Falata ,Tama, Burno) with percentage of 87 % &the lowest was in tribes originated from Kurdufan state (Messeria) with frequency of (1%) . Also the study showed that no case was recorded from tribes of North , South and East of Sudan. The result showed that the percentage distribution of patients according to Hb type was 53% for AS and 47% for SS. The results showed that the means of Hb ,RBC,WBC,PLT,HCT,MCV,MCH MCHC in patients of SCD(Sickle Cell Disease) (SS) were : 7.8g/dl,2.9× ,16.7× ,469× ,21.7%,81.4M ,24.7/Pg, 30.8,respectively and in SCT (Sickle Cell Trait)(AS) were: ,27.2/pg,31.9.respectively. Also the study showed that normocytic normochomic RBCS were predominant in peripheral blood of SCD (Sickle Cell Disease)with frequency of 66% followed by microcytic hypochromic RBCS with frequency 33% and macrocytic RBCS with frequency of 1%.