Diagnosis of Sickle Cell Anemia by Conventional and Modern Methods in Patients Referred to Al-bolock Hospital –Omdurman

Abstract

This was prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study that aim to determine the incidence Sickle Cell Anemia in patients referred to Al-block hospital, and to compare the results which obtained by conventional techniques with that obtained by modern methods. This study was conducted during Four months from September-2008 to January-2009 in Khartoum state – Sudan. Following informed consents a total of hundred individuals were bled. Two mls of venous blood was collected randomly from hundred individual into EDTA containers. All samples were tested for Complete blood count, Sickling test and Hemoglobin Electrophoresis. The results were analyzed using SPSS program. The results that obtained by conventional techniques were compared with that obtained by modern methods which showed similarity between the two results. Incidence of sickle cell anemia types in our group regarding to our results showed that there were seventy four patients with the frequency of (82.2%) sickle cell trait (Hb-AS). Their hemoglobin concentration ranged between 4-7g/dl, 8-10 g/dl and other with normal concentration. The total white blood cell count 82.4% of them was found within the normal range (4-11×109 cell/liter) and17.9% was with increased above the upper limit of normal range (>11000 cell/liter). About the platelets count 96% of patients were revealed within normal range of platelets count (150-400×109 cell/liter) and 4.1% were found slightly increased above the normal range. The others were sixteen patients were occurred with the incidence of sickle cell disease (Hb-SS) (constitute 17.8% of study group). Their hemoglobin concentration was ranged between 4-7g/dl (93.8%), 9g/dl (6.3%). The total white blood cells and platelet counts 50% of patients were found within normal range of both the total white blood cell and the platelet and 50% were increased above the normal range of both. All results were compared with ten normal individual as control group. The greatest percentage of sickle cell anemia was found in Almisseria tribe and Alhowsa tribe with the frequency of (15.6%) and the lower percentage was found in Alhawaweer, Banyhalba and Algamoia tribes with the percentage of 1.1%. The results that obtained by the conventional methods were confirmed by modern methods that used in diagnosis of Sickle Cell Anemia.