Screening of some Toxic and Narcotics Alkaloids of Morphologically Related Plants of the family Solanaceae

Abstract

Atropine, Hyoscine, Nicotine and Solanine are alkaloids produced by plants from the family Solanaceae as a secondary metabolite and which have an intense physiological action on animals even at low doses. The main source of Atropine, and Hyoscine alkaloids is the Datura spp while the main source of Nicotine are Nicotiana spp. The Solanine is widely found in potatoes and eggplant. This study focuses on detecting the presence of Hyoscine, Atropine, Nicotine and Solanine in other plant species from the family solanceae other than their known sources, namely Solanum dubium Dunal, Solanum incanum L., Datura stramonium L., Datura innoxia Mill, Hyoscyamus albus L, Lycium deserti Phil, and Nicotiana rustica L. Plant parts (stem. leaves. fruit and roots) were analyzed using TLC for screening the existence of targeted alkaloids. Results were compared with results of same analysis for authentic standards of targeted alkaloids. RF of standards samples of atropine, hyoscine, nicotine and solanine were 2, 5.3, 3.6, and 2.3 respectively, positive results of plants parts were analyzed using GCMS for confirming and quantity concentrations, calculations was performed according to the results of same analysis of authentic standards. Concentrations of Atropine in D. innoxia were 0.03434, 0.042938and 0.02170 mg/g for stem, leaves and fruit respectively. Hyoscine concentration for the same plant were 0.05613, 0.05555 and 0.0125 mg/g for same plant parts, Nicotine was found only in leaves in concentration of 0.00741 mg/g. Solanine was not found in this plant and no one of targeted alkaloids was found in its roots. For D. stamonium Atropine concentrations were 0.03078, 0.04988 and 0.2072 mg/g, Hyoscine concentration were 0.01214, 0.015455 and 0.05627 mg/g in stem, leaves and fruit respectively. Nicotine was found in stem and leaves in concentrations of 0.01104 and 0.022363 mg/g respectively. Solanine was not found in this plant and no one of targeted alkaloids was found in its roots. H. albus showed concentrations of 0.03034, 0.04295 and 0.2171 mg/g for Atropine and concentrations of 0.07414,0.07434 and 0.02375 mg/g for Hyoscine in stem, leaves and fruit respectively. Nicotine was found only in leaves in concentration of 0.022411mg/g Solanine was not found in this plant and no one of targeted alkaloids was found in its roots. In L. deserti phill Nicotine was found in leaves in concentration of 0.02855 mg/g and solanine was in fruit in concentration of 0.01346 mg/g. All plant parts of N. rusicastem, leaves, fruitand roots were containing Nicotine in concentrations of 0.01820, 0.04450, 0.01816 and 0.01752 mg/g. respectively solanine was found in fruit in concentration of 0.01807 mg/g. Solanine was found in stem, fruitand roots in S. dubium in concentrations of 0.04521, 0.07839 and 0.01940 mg/g, it was not found in leaves. Nicotine was in stem and leaves in concentrations of 0.001271and 0.01890 respectively. No one of the other targeted alkaloids was found in this plant. Concentrations of Solanine in S. inncum were 0.03321,0.01885 and 0.06105mg/g for stem, leaves and fruit respectively. Nicotine was present only in leaves in concentration of 0.01768 mg/g. It was concluded that: the specimens of D. stramonium, D. innoxia and Hyosyamus albus which were analyzed can be utilized as a good row material for medical and chemical industries regarding to concentration of Atropine and Hyoscine and regarding to less concentrations of other alkaloids like Solanine and Nicotine. Lycium deserti phill specimens were clear of toxic addictive alkaloids; they were contained Solanine and Nicotine in non significant concentrations. Nictiana rusica specimens were very rich of Nicotin which (four times in leaves than N. tubacum) Sulanum dubium and Sulanum inncumspecimens contained significant concentrations of solanine they were free of toxic addictive alkaloids, S. dubuim spciments contained very close relative compound to the tropan alkaloids, This suggests from the point of view of the plant chemotaxonomy that it is very close to the Datura spp. and Hyosyamus spp. All plants specimens in this study is a good material for chemical, medical industry and other traditional uses.