Evaluation of Serum Lipids Profile in patients with Thyroid Disorders : Hyper and Hypothyroidism In Khartoum State

Abstract

This study was carried out during the period (August 2010- May2012) in the order to evaluate the levels of lipids and lipoproteins in the serum of 102 patients suffering thyroid disorder. Three groups were involved in this study. 50 patients suffering hypothyroidism and 52 patients suffering hyperthyroidism and 50 subjects apparently healthy and control group have no any history of thyroid disorder. All the participants were meat at Khartoum teaching hospital and Omdurman Friendship hospital (Chinese hospital), in which all the clinical assessment were done by professional physicians. The biomedical analysis of the samples was performed at the Chinese Hospital, by used spectrophotometer (Bio System BTS-310) and ELISA instrument (Map Lap plus). The findings obtained from the questionnaire and clinical date of the patients revealed that the two groups of patients under thyroxin replacement therapy or thyroxin lowering drugs. It is appeared that majority of thyroid disease patients suffering from classical symptoms of the thyroid disorder disease such as fatigue and lack of energy, horse voice, muscle clamp, paraesthesias, cold intolerance and facial puffiness. The study finding also showed that the majority of patients are females and the patients repressing the age of 20-45 years. In hyperthyroidisms, the levels of T3 and T4 showed significant increase over control value of about 5.0 and 2.5 fold was obtained for T3 and T4 respectively, but TSH hormones showed a reduction of about 92% of control. In hypothyroidism patients, the opposite results were obtained; T3 and T4 were significantly reduced from control value. A reduction of about 62% and 54% for T3 and T4 respectively was evident. TSH hormone on the other hand was significantly increased up to 300% from control. When comparing the concentration of T3 and T4 hormones in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism patients, the results indicated that T3 and T4 were significantly decreased with an increase of TSH hormone. In hyperthyroidism the opposite situation was seen, an increase in T3 and T4 levels and decrease in TSH level. 3 The study also showed that no effect of sex and age of the patients on the levels of these hormones. When screening the lipids levels in hypothyroidism patients compared with hyperthyroidism patients, In hypothyroidism the levels of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly elevated (P.value 0.000 and P.value 0.000 respectively) than control and exceeded the reference normal values, but Triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol remained unchanged and within the normal values (P.value 0.48 and P.value 0.72 respectively). Under hyperthyroidism condition all lipid parameters remained with remarkable alteration and within the normal reference values. The study also indicated that sex and the age of the thyroid disorder patients had no effect on the levels of all lipids and change of significant values were seen between the values of patients and control. The results of this study also showed that the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 were positively correlated in the thyroid disorder patients, but negatively correlated with TSH hormones. Also the hormones T3 and T4 were negatively correlated with Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and no any correlation occurred between the thyroid hormones and Triglyceride and HDL- cholesterol. It believed that the cause of LDL-cholesterol in hypothyroidism patients, and this may be attributed to the increase oxidation, insulin- like growth factor was also complicated in the increase of LDL-cholesterol. From this study it is recommended that patients having hypothyroidism should be treated for hyperlipidemia.