Volume 22 No. 2

Effect of Natural Waxes on Quality and Storability of Sweet Oranges (Citrus sinensis L.)

Wed, 01 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Effect of Natural Waxes on Quality and Storability of Sweet Oranges (Citrus sinensis L.) M. E. Hassan, Suhair; A. Abu-Goukh, Abu-Bakr; Muddathir, Ali M. Sweet orange fruits loss moisture and shrivel rapidly and lose consumer appeal during marketing and storage. Waxing was reported to reduce water loss, delay fruit ripening and senescence, maintain quality and extend shelf-life in orange. The effect of three natural waxes (bee, carnauba and jojoba) on quality and storability of ‘Sinnari’ and ‘Nori 16’ orange cultivars was evaluated. Parameters studied were determined using standard methods. Analysis of variance with a significance level of P≤0.05 were performed on the data using the Statistic Software Version 8.0. The three natural waxes significantly delayed senescence, reduced losses, maintained quality and extended shelf-life of orange fruits during storage for 18 weeks at 4±1 ˚C and 85- 90 % relative humidity. The results indicated that the wax treatments significantly decreased respiration rate (30.3, 21.3 and 12.3 %), reduced water loss (32.5, 12.7 and 7.8 %), decreased peel color development (31.7, 23.3 and 13.3 %), fruit softening (16.5, 12.4 and 6.8 %), and total soluble solids accumulation (10.4, 7.1 & 4.1 %), and increased the retained ascorbic acid content (45.4, 31.6 and 20.5 %) in fruits treated with bee wax, jojoba wax and carnauba wax, respectively, compared with the unwaxed (control) fruits. Bee wax was the most effective, followed by jojoba wax and least was the carnauba wax. It was recommended that natural waxes, especially bee and jojoba waxes can effectively be used to delay fruit senescence, reduce weight loss, maintain quality and extend shelf-life of orange fruits.

The Quality Attributes of Processed Beef Burgers with Different Levels of Camel Meat

Wed, 01 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT

The Quality Attributes of Processed Beef Burgers with Different Levels of Camel Meat S. Ali, A.; A. H., Ebtisam Elobied; A., A. Maram; E., A. Rasheeda; M. and Rofida, M.; M., A. This study aim to determine the effect of added different levels of camel meat on the quality attributes of beef burger. Physico-chemical analysis, colour values and sensory evaluation of three types of [(100% camel meat), (50%camel meat) and 50% beef meat and (100%beef burgers)] camel meat were obtained from different cuts of mature camel (5-6 years old) and beef from (3-4 years old) of top side of camel. Burger types were ready for analysis after processing. The obtained data of was analysed using analysis of variance ANOVA followed by least significant different test. Physico-chemical analyses excluding fat content were significantly affected (P<0.01) with various camel meat levels. Although increasing of camel meat level had no effect on colour values and sensory tests (p>0.05), but 100% camel meat burger record the highest values in redness (a*) and all sensory evaluation values. It could be conclude that camel meat levels affecting some physico-chemical parameters, sensory attributes were the highest in 100% camel meat burger.

Nephroprotective and Antioxidant Activities of Cassia occidentalis Leaves Extract against Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity inAlbinoRats

Wed, 01 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Nephroprotective and Antioxidant Activities of Cassia occidentalis Leaves Extract against Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity inAlbinoRats A. Abolgassim, Mujtaba; Mohamed Ahmed, Bashir; S. Mohamed, Yahya; A. Ali, Sumaia In the present study the methanolic extract of C.occidentalisleaves (COLM) was evaluated for its antioxidant and nephroprotective activities. The phytoconstituents of the leaves extract was also investigated. The antioxidant activity of the extract was measured using 1,1- diphenyl-2- picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay.Nephroprotective activity of COLMwas assessed using Wistar albino rats. Seventy rats were divided randomly into seven groups of ten rats each; untreated control group, nephrotoxic control group, rats were injected with gentamicin only at a dose of 80mg/kg intraperitoneally (IP) for 8 days.Standard drug group; were injected with gentamicin (80mg/kg IP), and at the same time they received standard drug silymarin at a dose of 100mg/kg orally for 8 days. Low and high doses of the plant groups; rats were injected with gentamicin (80mg/kg IP) with concurrent administration of C. occidentalis leaves methanolic extract at a dose of 200 or 400 mg/kg orally for 8 days. Toxicity groups; rats were given C. occidentalis leaves extract only at a dose of 200 or 400 mg/kg orally for 8 days. The levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid, and total protein in the blood were used to assess kidney function. Blood constituents, and relative kidney weight were also measured. Phytoconstituents of COLM comprise tannins, saponins, coumarins, and alkaloid as active components and devoid of flavonoids, and sterols. COLM exhibited moderate antioxidant activity (50 ± 0.04%) compared to a standard antioxidant agent propyl gallate(93 ± 0.01%) using DPPH radical scavenging assay.Administration of COLM at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 8 days exhibited significant (P < 0.05) lowering of the levels of urea compared to the gentamicin group. The levels of creatinine, uric acid and total protein were insignificantly (P > 0.05) changes at day 8 in treated groups compared with normal control. COLM showed no significant differences to that observed by standard drug Silymarin. Relative weight of kidneys was significantly increased in treated groupexcept toxicity groups compared to control. The results concluded that the methanolic extract of Cassia occidentalis leaves might possess nephroprotective activity in rats. This effect may be due to antioxidant activity or the chemical constituents of the plant.

Zootiological Survey Of Trypanosoma vivax In The Blue Nile State Sudan

Wed, 01 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Zootiological Survey Of Trypanosoma vivax In The Blue Nile State Sudan A. Ragab, Salma; H.S, Abdalla A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of Trypanosoma vivax infection in cattle in the Blue Nile State. A total of 1096 blood samples were collected during dry season (March to June 2003) and 694 samples during rainy season (July to December2003). For Identification of the parasite hematocrit centrifugation technique, wet blood film, thin and thick blood stained smears were applied. The prevalence during the dry season ranged between 6.5 to 2.2% compared with 6.3 to 1.4 % during the rainy season. In conclusion, the transmission of the parasite can be by the insect vectors existing in the study area also they increased in dry season.