https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/24190 Sat, 11 Apr 2026 15:34:22 GMT 2026-04-11T15:34:22Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/26498 Influence of Sorghum Genotype on Germination, attachment and Survival of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. Ahmed Abd Elhafeez, Mashair; Eltayeb Babiker, Abd Elgabar; Hamed Eltayeb, Amani The root parasitic weed Striga hermonthica constitutes a major constraint to cereals production in sub-Saharan Africa. Several control measures have been recommended, however, incompatibility with the prevalent low inputs production systems precludes their adoption. Resistant genotypes could provide an ideal solution; however, durable resistance necessitates pyramiding of resistance mechanisms. The present investigation was undertaken at the College of Agricultural Studies Sudan University of Science and Technology to study in situ germination of S. hermonthica seeds, seedlings attachment and subsequent development, over a three weeks duration, on three sorghum genotypes, Wad-Ahmed, Striga tolerant, and Tetron and Hakika Striga resistant, using an in vitro system (the Rhizotron technique) for sorghum and Striga co-culture. Striga germination progressively increased with time and was 66.9-92.1%, 61.1-85.5% and 52.6-74.1% for Wad-Ahmed, Tetron and Hakika, respectively. Striga seedlings affected comparable attachment (53.6-68.8%) to the roots of the three genotypes. However, development and survival of the seedlings were genotype dependent. At 1-3 weeks post-inoculation Striga seedlings at stage 3 were 19.1-24.7%, 2.9-7.1% and 6.3-12.6% on Wad-Ahmed, Tetron and Hakika, respectively. Seedlings mortality was 0-1.2%, 3.0-8.1% and 2.5-29.6% on Wad -Ahmed, Hakika and Tetron, respectively. The strong developmental arrest noted beyond stage 2, where xylem-to-xylem connection between the parasite and the host was established, coupled with the notable seedling mortality on Tetron and Hakika suggest that Striga resistance in these genotypes is attributed, in part, to impairment of diversion of nutrients, water and carbon compounds from the host to the parasite. Sun, 01 Dec 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/26498 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/24686 Phenotypic Characterization of Fulani Sheep Subtypes A., E. Fatima; S. Ali, A.; A. Elobied, A. The objective of this study was an attempt to study some field management practices adopted by shepherds and sheep owners and to describe and characterize different Fulani sheep local subtypes in natural habitat in South Darfur State. A fitted form of detailed structured questionnaire was used to gather information from two hundred Fulani sheep owners in Tolus villagers and its surrounding villages in South Darfur state. The results revealed that more than 68% of sheep owners had above 15 years of experience in rearing their animals reflected in their educational level where about 80% of them were either illiterate or had basic or “Khalwa” education. It revealed also the respondents reared mainly sheep beside other farm animals and the Umsaen sheep was the most raised sheep ecotype. The results showed that most Fulani ecotypes were similar in many morphological features, also it showed that there were local Sudanese names for different Fulani sheep ecotypes (Alabiad – Balami), (Umgaba – Uda) and (Umkehail – Yankasa). The majority of sheep owners adopted semi sedentary and open range system (98.5%) and fed their animals with different kinds of agriculture by-products such as groundnut cake and millet bran. The major priority selection criteria of ewes and rams were size – feature while the main culling criteria were diseases and overage for both ewes and rams. Three to four months was the most weaning age. The most frequent diseases among adults and lamb of Fulani sheep were bacterial diseases and unspecific diarrhea for adults and lambs respectively; also they showed that the main production handicaps of Fulani were diseases. The study concludes that Fulani sheep had different colours represented in various ecotypes and that sex and ecotype had slightly affected many body measurements. Sun, 01 Dec 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/24686 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/24530 Antihepatotoxic Effect of Methanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats S. A, Ali; A .A., Gameel; A.H, Mohamed The present study was conducted to evaluate the antihepatotoxic effect of Moringa oleifera leaves methanolic extract against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The methanolic extract was prepared and chemically screened. Rats were divided randomly into five groups each of five as follows; normal control, intoxicated rats group injected with CCl4 in liquid paraffin 1:9 (v/v) at a dose rate of 0.2 ml kg-1 day-1 intraperitoneally (IP), standard hepatoprotective drug group given silymarin at a dose of 100 mg kg -1 dissolved in 5% Acacia mucilage. M. oleifera leaves methanolic extract groups were administered 200 and 400 mg kg -1 of the extract orally. CCl4 was injected simultaneously with standard drug and the leaves extract for 10 days. Liver function test (serum aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin) were estimated at day 0, 5 and 10. The livers were sectioned and investigated histopathologically. The oral administration of M. oleifera leaves extract (200 - 400 mg kg -1) and the standard hepatoprotective drug silymarin at a dose of 100 mg kg -1 significantly reduced the activities of AST, ALT, ALP and total bilirubin compared to CCl4 – intoxicated rats. These results were further supported by histopathological findings of liver sections. Hepatic degenerative changes and lymphocyte infiltrations were reduced in animals treated with M. oleifera leaves extract as well as those receiving silymarin. Phytochemical screening of leaves exhibited the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, glycosides and cumarins. The present results suggest that the methanolic extract of M. oleifera leaves could possess potential antihepatotoxic effect against CCl4 – induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Sun, 01 Dec 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/24530 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/24465 Effects of Early Feed Restriction and Dietary Inclusion of Some Spices on Performance of Broiler Chickens Saeed Babiker Mahmoud, Mutaz; A. Mohammed, Edris; E. Ibrahim, Rasheeda; A. Widaa, Dar Elsalam; Y. Ali, Laila; H. Dagarsho, Mahmoud A 3×4 factorial experiment was conducted with three early feed restriction regimens (F0 without feed restriction, F1 feed restriction for 12 hr and F2 feed restriction for 24 hr) and four dietary inclusion of spices [G0 without inclusion of spices, G1 garlic (Allium sativum L.), G2 red hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and G3 Moleita baladi (Sonchus oleraceus)] to study the effect of early feed restriction and dietary incorporation of some spices on broiler performance. A total of 12 treatments were employed and each treatment was replicated three times with 10 chicks each (Ross 308). Feed consumption (FC), weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded. Carcass weight, weights of some internal organs and cuts were measured. Some blood constituents were determined. The results showed that FC, WG and FCR were affected by experimental treatments (p ≤0.01). The greatest FC was reported with birds exposed to F0 regimen. The birds fed on diets containing hot pepper had the greatest value of feed consumption, while the birds fed on diets without spices had the lowest value. The same pattern of results was observed with WG. Birds exposed to early feed restriction for 24 hr (F2) had the heaviest WG. Feed conversion ratio was improved when birds exposed to early feed restriction. The best FCR was reported with birds fed on diets without spices. Carcass weights were influenced by early feed restriction (p ≤0.05). Internal organs weights (liver, spleen, pancreas and gizzard) were not affected by experimental treatments. There was no significant effect (p ≥0.05) of feed restriction on blood protein. However, the dietary spices affected the blood protein. Blood triglyceride was influenced only by spices. These results indicate that dietary inclusion of hot red pepper and adoption of F2 regimen for broiler chicks improved the weight gain and FCR, while F1 had the best carcass relative weight when compared with their counterparts of treatments. Sun, 01 Dec 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/24465 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z