Volume 19 No.1

Effect of Dietary Protein Level on the Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Japanese Quail Reared in Sudan

2018-06-01T00:00:00Z

Effect of Dietary Protein Level on the Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Japanese Quail Reared in Sudan Ismail Hamid, Ibrahim The current study was conducted to determine the optimum level of dietary protein for the best performance and carcass characteristics of Japanese quail from (3-6 wks). Two hundred and forty (240) unsexed dark brownish colored Japanese quails were used in this experiment. Treatments consisted of 3 isocaloric diets (2900 kcal/kg) metabolizable energy (ME) contained different levels of crude protein (CP) 22, 24 and 26%. Quails were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups and each group was then subdivided into 4 replicates of 20 quails each. Feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body weight gain (BWG) were recorded weekly. The results showed that, the group fed on 26% protein had the significant (P < 0.05) highest BWG and lowest FCR in the period 3 - 6 wks, but FI was not significantly different between groups. On the contrary, the quail's performance parameters in the period from 3-8 wks was not affected by the dietary protein level. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) observed in breast, drum stick, legs and wings as percentage of live body weight. From these results it can be suggested that, the diet at 26% CP could be recommended for Japanese quail during the period 3- 6 wks to obtain the best performance. The carried out sensory test showed that quails are more delicious than chicken.

Sudan Gum Arabic Exports Composition:Changes, Causes and Implications

2018-06-01T00:00:00Z

Sudan Gum Arabic Exports Composition:Changes, Causes and Implications Elnasikh, Elnasikh Sara H.; Raeid M. I., Khalil This study aimed to analyze the changes that occurred in the composition of Sudan’s gum arabic exports and their causes and implications. The study depended on secondary data obtained from official government institutions for the period 1970-2016 which was divided into six sub-periods. Descriptive statistical analyses were done to analyze the changes in gum exports’ composition. Also a One-way ANOVA analysis for the comparison of means was conducted in order to test the statistical significance of the changes in the export shares of hashab, talha and processed gum. The Results showed significant changes in gum exports composition in Sudan during the six sub-periods of the study. The study also found that the competition from Chad and Nigeria and the liberalization policy had a positive impact on talha gum export share, while the financial and administrative problems that faced the Gum Arabic Company had significantly increased processed gum exports share. In addition, the study found that these increases in talha or processed export shares were always at the expense of hashab exports. The changes that have occurred in gum arabic exports composition were expected to have environmental and economic implications. The environmental aspects would include the cutting of Acacia Senegal trees in the northern sandy soils of the gum belt with its negative impacts of more degradation and desertification. Economically, these changes in exports indicated abandoning processed gum production and exports which meant loss of employment opportunities and loss of value added from exports of processed gum. The study recommended that: 1) government policies related to gum arabic should be conducive to the revival of processed gum production in order to benefit from the value added from gum processing through the reduction of taxes and fees. 2) Sudan should make serious efforts to fight against and cancel the resolution that changed gum arabic specifications and included talha gum.

Prevalence of Salmonella, Escherichia coli in Meat Products in Khartoum State

2018-06-01T00:00:00Z

Prevalence of Salmonella, Escherichia coli in Meat Products in Khartoum State M. Osman, N.A.; E. Suliman, S.; Y. Alian, Y.; A.Abdalla, M. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp, E. coli and aerobic plate count in meat products in Khartoum State. Aerobic plate count was used to identify the contamination of the product with pathogenic microbes. A total of 100 samples of meat products were collected from factories and analyzed. The samples included 20(20%) burger, 30 (30%), sausage, 25 (25%) kofta, 12 (12%) minced meat, and 13 (13%), different type of meat products. Culture and different biochemical and serological tests and aerobic plate count were used to detect Salmonella.spp, Escherichia coli and aerobic microbial contamination. The results showed that 4 (4%) of samples were positive for Salmonella spp. and 44 (44%) were presence for Escherichia coli. In addition to 71% of samples exceeded the limit 105 cfu/g of the Sudanese Standard for Aerobic Plate count test in meat product. The study concluded that there is contamination of Salmonella, E. coli and there is high in total aerobic plate count test in meat products in Khartoum.

Reviewed of Sesame Crop Harvesting in Sudan: Trials, Difficulties and Future Prospects

2018-06-01T00:00:00Z

Reviewed of Sesame Crop Harvesting in Sudan: Trials, Difficulties and Future Prospects J. Ibrahim, Elebaid; A. Muhieldeen, Osama The main target of this survey is to highlight the significance of sesame crop, production status, harvesting attempts previously tried and difficulties associated with the crop harvesting in the Sudan. Besides it is unlimited domestic benefits and various uses, the crop production has a direct influence on the livelihood and subsistence of small holder farmer’s. Not only, but also it represents one of the most important oil seeds for hard currency earning. The crop is cultivated extensively on approximately more than three million feddans. However, different reports and statistics indicate that the crop exports and market prices fluctuating annually despite its global demand. These instable exports were due to the yearly variation in production which resulted from many problems encounters commercial production. Regardless of the agronomic and environmental factors, the strongest factors affecting sesame cultivation are high rate of harvesting cost and shortage of labor at harvest time. Farmers are permanently confronted with a state of panic and stress at harvesting due to critical harvest period and high and increasingly cutting cost. These problems result mainly from shattering varieties used, scarcity of labor and lack of appropriate harvesting machine. Accordingly, the area under the crop and productivity were remarkably declined over the last few years. Therefore, to increase crop productivity and quality and achieve stable production, a collective efforts of all stake holders and researchers are needed to develop high yielding widely adapted varieties with better disease resistance and convenient for machine applicability, particularly harvest operation.