https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/16964 2026-04-11T15:27:06Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/16972 Effect of Irrigation Systems and Irrigation Water Regime on the Vegetative Growth of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) Plantation under Khartoum State Conditions, Sudan Ada , Adam Bush; Mohamed , Abdelmoneim Elamin The experimental work was carried out at Nobles Farm for Modern Systems located at 25km south east of Khartoum during two consecutive years 2011/012 and 2012/013 with the objectives of determining the optimum water requirements of the young date palm tree and investigating the response of young date palm of Barhi cultivar to different water regimes. The treatments included drip irrigation and conventional basin irrigation systems with three irrigation water regimes (50%, 75% and 100% ETc). Split plot experimental design with three replications was used in which the two irrigation systems were assigned to the main plots while irrigation water regimes were allocated to the sub plots. The variations among the means were checked by the Least Significant Difference (LSD). A computer program (SAS statistical package) was used to analyze the data. Crop water requirement was determined using CROPWAT version 8 computer model. The parameters tested were; plant height (cm), number of leaves per plant, number of leaflets per leaf, stem diameter (cm), number of offshoots and length of offshoots (cm).The optimum crop water requirement of young date palm tree was found to be 20 m3 / tree/year for drip irrigation, while it was 39 m3/ tree/year under the conventional basin irrigation.Drip irrigation gave the highest mean values of vegetative growthas compared to conventional basin irrigation system. The irrigation water amount of 100% ETc significantly (P = 0.5) increased the vegetative characteristics as compared to 50% ETc. The vegetative growth was significantly affected by the interaction between the irrigation systems and the different irrigation water regimes used. The reduction percentage in vegetative growth with reduced water 75% ETc was found to be 20% of the value of full crop water requirement (100% ETc), while it was increased to reach 43% of the value of full crop water requirement under 50% ETc. It is to be concluded that, drip irrigation system with 100 ETc% are highly needed to increase the vegetative growth of date palm offshoots. article 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/16973 Chemical Weed Control in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Dongola Locality, Northern State, Sudan Mohamed , Mukhtar Abdel Aziz; Mahgoub , Babiker Mohamed; Elamin , Salah Eltom A herbicides experiment was conducted during two consecutive winter seasons (2011/2012 and 2012/2013) at the demonstration farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences- El Selaim-Dongola University, to determine the magnitude of yield losses due to weed competition and to evaluate the activity and selectivity of the pre-emergence herbicides oxyfluorfen as two formulations (Pilargola 20% EC and Hadaf 24% EC) each at 0.24, 0.30 and 0.36 kg. a.i/ha; and pendimethalin (Stomp 500 EC) at 1.2, 1.5 and 1.8 kg.a.i/ha, in controlling weeds in garlic. Weeded and un-weeded checks were included for comparison. The weed flora in the experimental site consisted of grassy and broad-leaved weeds. The two formulations of oxyflurofen and pendimethalin at their all rates gave consistent and excellent control of graminae weeds throughout the growing season. The two formulations of oxyflurofen gave satisfactory control of broad-leaved weeds, while pendimethalin displayed poor to moderate activity. The best grassy and broad-leaved weeds control was achieved by the herbicide oxyflurofen as Hadaf. A significant weed controlwasachievedin terms of total weed biomass reduction with all herbicides treatments. The better total weed biomass reduction was achieved by the highest rate of pendimethalin (1.8 kg a.i./ha). In general, the herbicides had an excellent and lasting effect on the control of weeds, but the performance of these herbicides was greatly affected by the presence of the resistant weeds including Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Cyperus rotundus L., Convolvulus arvensis L. and Rhynchosia memnonia (Del.) DC. Combined analysis of both winter seasons data indicated that unrestricted weed growth significantly reduced garlic yield by 36.08%, while herbicides treatment significantly increased garlic bulb yield, and the best garlic bulb yield was achieved by the highest rate of pendimethalin at 1.8 kg. a.i/ha, and gave bulb yield comparable to weed free full season treatment. Based on these results, it can be concluded that, the effectiveness of the herbicide pendimethalin at 1.8 kg. a.i/ha, against weeds and its high selectivity in garlic, make this herbicide possible candidate for the control of weeds in garlic in the Northern State, Sudan. article 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/16969 A Computer Program for Agricultural Machinery Management in Multi -Farm Systems Mohamed , Mysara Ahmed; Kheiry , Abdalla N.O.; Ahmed , Walla A computer Model for Agricultural Machinery Management in multi-farm system (APAMM) is a user-friendly interactive program written in a Visual Basic (VB) programming environment for machinery management. It allows the user to interact with it by entering the required inputs and it will carry out the interactive calculations. The APAMM can predict the effective field capacity for different implements (ha/hr), determines the drawbar power needed for each implement (kw), calculates the PTO power for each implement (kw). The program predicts the number of tractors and implements required for each agricultural operation calculates the total operation cost per ha, and per hour and finally estimates total costs of owning and operating machinery for various crop rotations, giving the user an option to hire or purchase the machine. The program enables the user to print out the output which is displayed on the screen. APAMM was successfully verified statistically in comparison to Rahad scheme existing machinery program for two, three and four course rotations. The comparisons indicated that there were no significant differences. Validity and sensitivity tests of the model indicated that the APAMM could be applied to any real-life case successfully and with confidence for any multi- crop farm article 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/16970 Effects of Water Stress on some Physiological Characters in Four Varieties of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Fadlalla , Hashim Awadel Karim; Abuswar , Faiza Mohammed Seid Ahmed Four different varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) were used to evaluate the effects of water stress on its physiological performance. These were Higazi, Srivir, Pioneer and Cuf 101. The experiment was conducted during the period February to July of 2011. A factorial experiment using a randomized complete block design with four replications was used to layout a pot experiment at the Nursery of Desertification Research Institute, National Center for Research. Four levels of water stress treatments using water interval as indicator. These were: two days, five days, ten days and fifteen days intervals between any two irrigations. The study was divided into two growth stages; before and after subjecting to water stress. Before subjecting to water stress, the plants were irrigated every two days. Data were collected on dry matter (%), protein content (%), chlorophyll content (mg/100g) and total available sugars (CHO %). Data were collected three times before water stress. These were: stage of emergence the third leaf (K1), 45 days after sowing (K2) and 70 days after sowing (K3). After subjecting to water stress the data were collected four times. These were 15 days (K4), 30 days (K5), 45 days (K6) and 60 days (K7). Before starting treatments, highly significant differences were revealed for protein content, chlorophyll content and CHO among varieties in the three stages of growth (K1, K2 and K3). After starting water stress treatments, most varieties of alfalfa showed tolerant under five and ten days intervals of watering treatments (W2 and W3, respectively). Higazi and Srivir were tolerant to drought conditions compared to the other ones. Hegazi was superior for CHO under five days (W2) and protein content under ten days (W3), whereas Srivir outscored for CHO under W3. Cuf 101 was superior for chlorophyll content under ten days (W3) and dry matter under W2 and W3. Pioneer outscored for protein content under two days (W1) article 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z