https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/26377 2026-04-11T15:27:26Z 2026-04-11T15:27:26Z K. A., Abaker, T. Ibrahim, Mohamed A. A., Ashwag, https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/26777 2021-11-23T08:44:16Z 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z

Eggs Physical Quality and Chicks Performance of Black Neck Ostrich in Sudan K. A., Abaker,; T. Ibrahim, Mohamed; A. A., Ashwag, The study was carried out on Ostrich Nile Farm for breeding black neck Ostrich in Soba east Khartoum, Sudan from 5th February to 15th August 2018 to evaluate egg physical quality and chick performance. The experiment include 122 egg and 114 chick reared in semi close system. The results revealed that the average egg weight was 1307.25±11.59 g, egg length 42.55±0.12 cm, egg width 38.49±0.11cm, axes length 13.84±0.13cm, axes width 11.65±0.10cm, egg volume 984.92±28.03m3, shape index 90.47±0.16%, egg specific gravity 1.40±0.02, and egg surface 562.82±3.29 cm2. A significant correlation was obtained between external egg characteristics and chick’s hatched weight. The correlation coefficient vary between 0.34 – 1.0 (most of the coefficients are above 0.8. The chick's performance include the chick weight, feed intake, weight gain, feed convention ratio (FCR) and mortality rate from the 1st to the 3rd month of age. The average of body weight, was (2056.66g, 6565.08g and 14153g) and FCR was (1.4, 1.1 and 1.9), the mortality rate was (32%, 27% and 12%) for the 1st,2nd and 3rd month respectively.

2021-06-01T00:00:00Z Alamen Mahadi, Emtithal Alaagib Mubarak, Elnaeim Elawad Elfaki, Ahmed https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/26776 2021-11-23T08:31:22Z 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z

Effect of Incubation Period on Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger Using Fruit and Vegetable Wastes Alamen Mahadi, Emtithal; Alaagib Mubarak, Elnaeim; Elawad Elfaki, Ahmed The present study was conducted to study the effect of different incubation periods on the production of citric acid from fruit and vegetable wastes obtained from the local market in Khartoum State. Ten samples of fruit and vegetable wastes were screened i.e. mangoes, oranges, bananas, lemon, grapefruits, beets, carrots, pumpkin, potatoes, and sweet potatoes. The solid state fermentation method was adopted in this study to produce citric acid using Aspergillus niger which isolated from rotten onion and cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and incubated at 25ºC. Three different incubation periods were used in this study (seven, ten and thirteen days) at 25ºC for acid production. The produced citric acid concentration was determined and in parallel, the sugar concentration in the substrates was also determined before and after fermentation. The results showed that the highest production of citric acid was obtained through incubation period of seven days especially, by fermentation of mango wastes (130.50 mg/ml) followed by the grapefruit wastes (99.80 mg/ml)while, the lowest acid production was obtained by banana wastes fermentation (40.42mg/ml). It was also shown that citric acid concentration decreased by increasing incubation period in all the tested wastes substrates. This study also showed that the production of citric acid was accompanied with the reduction in the concentration of sugar content in manner depends on the type of the substrate used.

2021-06-01T00:00:00Z Elsaid, H. A. Elimam, M. E. Talib, N. H. https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/26775 2021-11-23T08:19:55Z 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z

Determination of Tannins and Alkaloids Content of Some Rangeland Plants Commonly Consumed by Grazing Camels in Sudan Elsaid, H. A.; Elimam, M. E.; Talib, N. H. Rangeland plants are important for domestic and wild animals nutrition in the Sudan and animal production relied mainly on rangeland plants. They are mainly classified into herbs, shrubs and trees . Anti-nutritional factors especially Tannins and Alkaloids have adverse effects on plants nutritive value and informations of Tannins and Alkaloids content in rangeland plants are not available. Consequently, this study was conducted to furnish these informations. Anumber of five Rangeland plants were brought from Gedarif State (eastern Sudan) and sixteen Rangeland plants were brought from North Kordofan State (western Sudan) that are common feed for Camels in Sudan were investigated. The samples of the Rangeland plants were air dried and grinded for laboratory analysis to determine Tannins and Alkaloids contents. Tannins and Alkaloids percentages varied among plants. The highest percentage of Tannins was in Boscia senegalensis (Mukheit) (15.2%) and the least one was in Cenchrus biflorus (Huskanit) (0.11%) . Alkaloids percentage was highest in Acacia senegal (Hashab) (2.4%) and least in Sida cardifolia (Njata), Cenchrus biflorus (Huskanit) and Sesamum alatum (Semsemlgumal) (0.6%) . It was concluded that Rangeland plants varied in anti-nutritional factors and recommended that anti-nutritional factors should be considered due to adverse effects on plants nutritive value and limit many plants exploitation. Keywords: Rangeland, Plants, Tannins, Alkaloids, Camels.

2021-06-01T00:00:00Z A.A.A, Hanan E.Yassin, Osama https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/26774 2021-11-23T08:01:26Z 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z

Assessment of Aflatoxin level in Commercial Layer feed in Khartoum State and the Farmers’ awareness of Aflatoxin negative Effects A.A.A, Hanan; E.Yassin, Osama A study was conducted during the period July – Nov. 2018 to assess aflatoxin contamination in commercial layer feed and farmer knowledge on aflatoxin hazards. Feed was collected from 25farms (4 companies and 21 farmers) in Khartoum State and from the same farms data were collected using questionnaire as research tool. The main findings of questionnaire showed that 72% of the farmers studied were solely specialized in poultry of whom 84% in table egg production .Most of them used improved housing conditions, raised more than 4000 birds per flock in all in –all out system, used antiseptics and stored feed for one week or less .On aflatoxin knowledge most of farms managers were veterinarian or animal Production graduates, who had some information on aflatoxin hazards . Dose calibration conducted by veterinarians (56%) but a total of (56%) do not inspect feed for aflatoxin contamination attributed to use of anti aflatoxin and high cost .The average of aflatoxin feed content was 2.6 ppb for Kh. State in a range up to 14ppb . Mean aflatoxin content was 1.76 ppb for Kh. Locality, 4.66 ppb for Kh. North State .and 1.26ppb for Omdurman. Over all level was less than 20 ppb within the accepted safety standard and was the lowest among the previous studies findings.

2021-06-01T00:00:00Z