Volume 18 No. 1

Detection of Cryptosporidium in Goats in Khartoum State, Sudan

2023-01-08T12:56:07Z

Detection of Cryptosporidium in Goats in Khartoum State, Sudan Y. Adam, Kaltoum; A. Gameel, Ahmed; A. Ismail, Ahmed This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in goats in Khartoum State – Sudan. A total of 197 goats of both sexes and different ages (> 6 to <12 months) were surveyed in Omdurman locality (No =125) and Sherg Elneel locality (No =72). Faecal samples were randomly collected and classified according to their consistency as diarrhoeic or non-diarrhoeic. All samples were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts using the Formol-Ether Concentration technique followed by modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) staining method. Results obtained indicated that, the overall prevalence of infection was 20.8%. Infection was widely distributed among goads regardless of faeces consistency, sex, age or the Locality. It is concluded that asymptomatic adult goats are an important source of environmental contamination with Cryptosporidium spp. Formol-ether concentration technique followed by modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) staining is useful and reliable for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in faecal samples, and can be used as routine method for diagnosis and surveillances of this protozoan parasite in animal and human.

Evaluation of Alfa Alfa water productivity under center pivot irrigation system at New Hamdab Scheme, Northern State, Sudan

2017-11-14T07:27:57Z

Evaluation of Alfa Alfa water productivity under center pivot irrigation system at New Hamdab Scheme, Northern State, Sudan Ahmed, Hisham Mousa Mohammed; Elagabani, Nahid Hamid Mahmoud This study was conducted under center pivot irrigation systems at the farm of Authority of Merowe Dam Area for Agricultural Development (AMDAD) in New Hamdab Scheme, Northern State, during November, 2011 to December, 2012. The objectives of this study were to assess and evaluate the water productivity of alfalfa under the center pivot irrigation system in desert areas. Operation hours (O.H) and fuel consumption (F.C) were calculated for thirteenth cuts, applied water (AW) was measured using flow meter and then the observed forage yield was sampled and weight in the field in (ton/ha). The results showed that there was a variation in operation hours (hr/ha), applied water (m3/ha) and forage yield (kg/ha), which was affected the water productivity (kg/m3) of alfalfa. The results showed that the water productivity (WP) was 0.46, 0.33, 0.43 and 0.48 kg/ m3 for center pivot number one, two, three and four, respectively. The mean average of water productivity was 0.42 kg/m3. Generally, the water productivity values were below the recorder value (Steduto et al.,2012). However, since the applied water was not equally distributed at all centers, this resulted in poor forage yield. From these results it could be recommended that alfalfa should be irrigated according to its water requirements using proper irrigation schedule. Article

Chemical Composition of Some Varieties of Fenugreek Seeds (Trigonella foenum gracecum)

2017-11-14T07:20:49Z

Chemical Composition of Some Varieties of Fenugreek Seeds (Trigonella foenum gracecum) Khatir, Abdoulmutalab M.; Farahat, FatinH.; Abdalla, Tawheidai. Z,; Ali, Iyman M.; Haban, Alsiddig S. Proximate chemical composition and minerals contents of fenugreek whole seed samples from China, Sudan and Algeria were determined. The results showed that there was significant difference among the three varieties in their protein, fat and total minerals composition. The endosperm was separated from the embryo of the seed and the composition of each part was studied, most of the proteins are accumulated in the embryo fraction (39.87 %), while the gum is concentrated in the endosperm fraction (53.53 %). The major part of the saponin and lipids are found in the embryo fraction and easier to be separated from the embryo than from the whole seed, due to the presence of the gum which has disturbing effect on protein solubilisation. Amino acid profile and fatty acids composition were determined, the main amino acids are gultamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginin. The amino acid profile revealed that fenugreek proteins is similar to soybean proteins in their amino acid composition. The fatty acid composition of the total lipids indicated that lenoleic was the predominant fatty acid (61.29 %), followed by oleic acid (17.67 %). Article

A safe None-alcoholic Banana Beverage Fermented with Bifidobacterium longum BB536

2017-11-14T07:00:41Z

A safe None-alcoholic Banana Beverage Fermented with Bifidobacterium longum BB536 Daf Alla, Sami El Bshier; Kabeir, Barka Mohammed This study was carried out to develop safe probiotic fermented banana beverages. Different types of banana were peeled, 10% pulp was blended, cooked, cooled to room temperature, and malted rice flour was added and mixed well to obtain the beverage. Moreover, 10% skim milk was prepared to obtain the re-constituted skim milk. Beverages were sterilized (121ºC for 15 minutes), cooled (37ºC), and inoculated with 3% active Bifidobacterium longum BB 536 culture followed by incubation at 37 º C for 48 hours to obtain the fermented beverage. Fermented samples were drawn for analysis of Bifidobacterium viable cells, pH, TSS, moisture content, and microbiological safety. Bifidobacterium longum BB536 significantly (p < 0.5) increased by fermentation continuation in all beverages as compare to strain essential levels at the beginning of fermentation. The viable number of strain BB 536 at maximum growth was more than 6 log CFU/ml (the number required to fulfill probiotics product) in all fermented beverages; except ripe banana beverage and that may be due to its high starch content as compared with medium over ripe and over ripe banana. On the other hand, TSS significantly (0<-0.5) decreased due to metabolic activity of strain BB 536 and break down of some macro-components. During growth acids produced and that result in significant (0<-0.5) decreased of pH. While moisture significantly (0<-0.5) decreased by increase in strain biomass. Yeast and Mould, Fecal Streptococcus, Staphylococcus Aurous, and E. coli, were not found in all strain BB 536 fermented beverages. Moreover, salmonella was not detected in any of the fermented beverages. The absence of these pathogenic bacteria is due to the bifidogenic effect of strain BB 536. Therefore, formulation of safe strain BB 536 fermented banana beverage is successful. Article