APPLICATION OF CONSTRAINT EQUATIONS IN LEAST SQUARES ADJUSTMENT

Abstract

Usually the datum in free control networks is defined by additional constraints (datum constraints) to solve the problem of singularity of the normal equations matrix. In this research five different methods are applied involving constraint equations method to defining the datum or any other function of coordinates, and the obtained results are investigated. The solution for the datum problem using the constraint equations method gives an identical results compared with that obtained from traditional methods solution. However, if the datum is defined by observation, the precision shall slightly be changed and the residual of this observation is kept to zero.