ASSESSMENT OF RADIATION EFFECTS IN BLOOD COMPONENTS FROM TC-99M FOR BONE SCINTIGRAPHY

Abstract

This study has been carried out in Radiation and Isotopes Center of Khartoum and Khartoum hospital, it,s aim was to the assessment of the effect of radiation in Blood Components from Tc-99m/MDP Bone Scintigraphy, such as the effects in WBCs, RBCs, PLT, HCT, MCV, LYM and HGB in addition to geographical distribution of cancer and highlighting the most common cancer in Sudan. The study conducted on 50 patients (50) as 76% female and 24 % male with different ages that candidate to the bone Scintigrophy with different indications except the patients who have proliferative disease in (RICK). Some data were obtained which were :geneder,weight,height, recent diagnoses, address, actual dose (admistrated doseresidual dose) and the interval time(time of the second sample collection-time of the administration dose) .The samples of blood were taken from the patients before and after the bone Scintigrophy were analyzed as complete blood counts in (RICK) and Khartoum hospital laboratories. The result shows that there were reduction effects in the counts of the blood components in the second samples. The decrement of the blood components from initial counts as 3.8% inWBCs, 3.6% in RBCs , 3.1% in HGB ,4.9% in HCT, 12.5% in PLT,10.3% in LYM and 1.5% in MCV . The result shows there are not significant or weak correlations between age and blood components like:RBCs,HGB and HCT before and after interval time of the bone scan.The weak correlations above show in the following equations as:Y=432.11X+5E+06(R2=9E-05) and Y=392.87X+4E+06(R2=9E-05) for RBCs,Y=0.0017X+12.258(R2=0.0002) and Y=- 0.002X+12.081(R2=0.0004) for HGM and Y=0.0011X+38.679(R2=1E-05) and Y=- 0.0175X+37.772(R2=0.0033)for HCT before and after interval time of the bone scan iv respectively where, y represents the blood component and x represents the age. that there were some correlations between age, interval time and the BMI versus the blood components before and after the administrated dose. Which reveal that: as the age increases as the reduction in WBC% increases following the equation of the form: where x refers to Age in year and y refers to reduction in WBC%. Also the reduction in WBC% increases as the interval time of bone scintigraphy increases and the correlation could be fitted in the following equation: where x refers to interval time of bone scintigraphy and y refers to reduction in WBC%. In addition to, the WBC count also increases as the BMI increases with a correlation could be fitted in the following equation: where x refers to BMI and y refers to WBC count. The study showed that the effects of radiation in RBCs were the semi constancy along the age period of man with an average of (4560800) cells/mm3 in contrast with the normal range cells/mm3 (male) and cells/mm3 (females). Also the study reveal that shows that the RBCs count has been increases as the BMI increases but usually remain within the normal range and the correlation fitted in the following equation: ���� = 19635���� + 10���� where x refers to BMI and y refers to RBCs count. While the correlation between RBCs and the interval time reveals that the RBCs% decreases by the increment of interval time of bone Scintigraphy and the correlation could be fitted in the following equation: where x refers to interval time of bone scan and y refers to reduction in RBs %. The studying of radiation effect in hemoglobin shows that the amount of hemoglobin in g/dl doesn't have significant effect by aging generally and their correlation could be fitted in the following equation: ���� = ���� + 12.3 where x refers to age and y refers to HGB count. Regarding the correlation versus BMI, the study reveals that there is strong correlation (R2 = 1) between HGB count and the BMI which shows that the HGB count increases as the BMI increases which follows the following equation: where x refers to BMI and y refers to HGB count. The study also showed that the HGB decreases as the interval time of bone scan increases and the correlation could be fitted in the following equation: where x refers to interval time and y refers to HGB count. Regarding the hematocrit HCT, the study reveal that there is no significant effect relative to aging, but in case of BMI correlation, the study showed that the HCT% increases as the BMI increases and their correlation could be fitted in the following equation: where x refers to BMI and y refers to HCT %. While there was a decrease in HCT % following the increment of interval time of bone scan and their correlation could be given by the equation: where x refers to interval time of bone scan and y refers to reduction in HCT %. Regarding the platelets (PLT), the study reveal that the PLT count does not influenced by the aging normally. While it reveals that the PLT count % normally decreases as the BMI increases, following the equation: with significant correlation at R2 = 0.09, where x refers to BMI and y refers to PLT %. And also there was a reduction in PLT%, which increases as the interval time of bone scan increases with a correlation fitted in the following equation: with a significant correlation point at R2 = 0.02, where x refers to interval time in years and y refers to reduction in PLT. Regarding the lymphocyte (LYM), the study reveal that Lymphocytes count generally decreases following the aging and their correlation could be given by the following equation: where x refers to age in years and y refers to Lymphocytes %.While in correlation versus BMI, the data reveals that the lymphocytes % increases following the increment of BMI before and after interval time of bone scan with the following equation: ���� = 0.4���� + 23.6 and ���� = 0.4���� + 19.1 respectively. And also reduction in Lymphocytes % increases as the interval time of bone scan increases which is follows the equation of the form: where x refers to interval time of bone scan and y refers to reduction in lymphocytes % Regarding the mean cell volume (MCV), the study shows that the MCV decreases following the aging generally according to equation: ���� = ���� − 86.0 where x refers to age in years and y refers to MCV in fl. While the correlation versus BMI shows that the MCV% increases as the BMI increases in a correlation of the form: (before interval time of bone scan) and in the form of (after interval time of bone scan) where x refers to BMI and y refers to MCV %. But in case of interval time of exposure, the data shows that the MCV % decreases as the interval time of bone scan increases and their correlation could be given by the equation: where x refers to interval time and y refers to reduction in MCV %. The study also reveals that the breast cancer represented 52% relative to all cancer types in current study, while prostate recorded as 25%, thyroid cancer and sarcoma represented 6.3% for each, squamous cell carcinoma represented 4.2% and 2.1% recorded for the cancer of cervix, maxilla and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. While the geographical distribution of cancer in the Sudan showed that 45.6% in Omdurman, 18.8% in Khartoum, 14.6% in the north of Sudan, 8.3% in the west of Sudan, 6.3% in Aljazeera, 4.2% in Aldowiam and 2.1% in the east of Sudan.