Abstract:
This study was carried out in Khartoum City during a period from
January 2011 to May 2011. The present research aimed to analyze the
cellular changes in buccal smear in diabetic patients using Papanicolaou
(Pap) stain. Seventy samples were taken from patients who attended
Zeanam Hospital and Khartoum Education Hospital in Khartoum City.
The specimens were processed and examined under the microscope for
Pap stain. The majority of study group age ranged from 21 to 44 years
included 29 male and 71 female. Patients of type 1 diabetes mellitus were
48.6%. The cytological changes were observed in (11.4%) of them. Type
2 diabetic was detected in (51.4%) cases and 7.1% of them had cellular
changes. The duration of diabetes was recorded as 78.6% were more than
10 years and 15.7% of the cases had cellular morphological changes.
21.4% of patients had less than 10 years since started illness. The
cytological changes were detected in 2.9% of them. According to HbA1c
results; 80% of uncontrolled patients were detected and showed 15.7%
cellular changes, 12.9% bacterial infection, 7.1% with fungal infection
and viral infection was detected in 2.9%. In controlled patients, cell
changes were detected in 2.9%, bacterial infection in 1.4%, fungal
infection in 2.9% and viral infection was detected in 1.4%. The study
concluded that normal cells were detected in 57% of the cases and
cellular changes in 13% of the study group. Other infectious agents were
also observed such as Candida.spp (the most accounted) and
Actinomyces.spp.
Also the study concluded that diabetes mellitus causes enlargement in
cells, nuclear changes (bi-nucleation, karyorrhexis) and cytoplasmic
vacuolations.
