CONSTITUENTS OF URINARY CALCULI IN SUDANESE PATIENTS (A study in Khartoum state

Abstract

This prospective study was done during the period July to December 2003. It determined the chemical composition of the urinary stones, which was removed surgically from urinary system of forty patients, males and females, of an age 2-65 years; attended to Ibn-Sena hospital (Khartoum state). Blood samples were also collected from those patients for determination of serum calcium and urate levels. This study aimed to analyze the urinary stones for calcium, oxalate, phosphate, carbonate, uric acid, magnesium, cystine, and cholesterol. Generally 90% of the stones were found to contain calcium oxalate, 82.5% uric acid, 45% magnesium, 7.5% phosphate, while carbonate, cystine and cholesterol were not detected as constituents of the stones in this study. Serum calcium and urate were found to be normal in all patients in this study (means±SD : 9.6 ± 0.4 & 5.8 ± 0.5mg/dL respectively). Most of the stones removed from the kidneys were found to be small in size (less than 1 cm diameter), those removed from the ureter were found to be medium in size (1-2 cm diameter), while most of those removed from the urinary bladder were large in size (diameter more than 2 cm). It was concluded that, most of the urinary stones contain mainly calcium-oxalate, and uric acid, in association with normal levels of serum calcium and urate. Urinary stones are more common in males compared to females and more common in patient from Khartoum city compared to those from Omdorman and Khartoum North cities. Most of the urinary stones were found in the young age group (up to 20 years) compared to the other age groups