Abstract:
Protons and neutrons are considered as the first discovered atomic elementary particles, in the twentieth century. They are considered as building block of nuclei, they are known as nucleons and occupy more than 99.9% of the whole matter around us in the universe, and the 0.1% left is electrons.
In the 80 years of last century we knew more information about nucleons using both experimental and theoretical ways, but till now there is a lot to know about them. Science the last 60 years the method of Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) reactions have been used to discover the nucleon structure studies went deeper with the help of rapid inventions of accessories related to this work.
In our research we have used the analysis of DIS reactions of neutrino on nucleon, and the neutrino is preferred than agents other tools because they are extremely light and have no inner composition and they may react in weak interactions only. The cross section of the reaction: . was calculated for the charged currents contributions for by using the scaling method of Bjorken to study the so-called parton- quark model of proton which was developed science sixties of last century. In our calculated formula of the cross section appears an additional term with relation to the target nucleon and to the neutrino energy and to the variables x, y, compared to CERN experiment which used Ferion target and synchrotron as proton accelerator, so the experiment results need to carefully look in. Also we calculated the semi-elastic cross section (q2 small) for the reaction: . By the contribution of the charged current and in the range The vector and axial form factors contributions show that the protons and neutrons are not elementary particles, considering the conservation of vector current (CVC) and partial conservation of axial current (PCAC). The study has shown that in the range of the cross sections of are equal with consideration of .
The structure functions are studied by the relation of Callan – Gross. Also the isospin symmetry was studied as well as case of the isoscalar target. We have studied the nucleon constituents through the cross sections calculations by neutral currents and studies have shown that quarks and antiquarks carry about 49% of the proton momentum and the valence quarks carry 33% and the sea of quarks only 16%. Our study has defined the sum rules related to our work.
