Frequency of Red Cell Disorders among Sudanese Pregnant Women in River Nile State

Abstract

This is cross sectional descriptive analytical study, conducted at River Nile state. During the period from November 2011 – June 2013 to determine the frequency of iron deficiency anemia among Sudanese pregnant women in River Nile state. Three hundred (300) pregnant women were informed about the study and agreed for participation, a questionnaire was designed to collect information about the study group such as age, number of pregnancies, state of trimesters, miscarried, iron treatment, pathological blood loss and nutritional, economic state,2.5 ml of venous blood was collected in EDTA anticoagulant container , thin blood film and reticulocyte count were done, screening was done by measurement of HbF and HbA2 levels HbS using capillary Hemoglobin Electrophoresis; CBC was done using a Sysmex™ Kx21n, serum iron .ferritin and TIBC were done using. Biosystems A25. The results were analyzed by statistical package for social science ( SPSS version 11.5) The study showed that the frequency of the anemic group was (42.3%) related to all study groups. The study shows that the incidence of the iron deficiency anemia was (46.5%) thalassic anemia (3.9%) sickle cell anemia was (2.4) and other anemia (46.2%) in anemic group. The means of Hb level, RBCs count, HCT% Red Cell indices ( MCV, MCH, MCHC) were 7.6g/dl1.2, 3.6x1012/1.8, 25.3%2.6, 78.2fl9.2, 24.5pg4.1 28.4g/dl3.8 respectively, and there was statistical significant difference in the means of those values among anemic study group when compared with control group ( P.<0.05). The means of serum iron and serum ferritin among women of iron deficiency anemia group were 23.2mg/dl  2.9 ,10.9mg/dl 1.2 respectively, were significantly lower than control group ,and total iron binding capacity was 481.4mg/dl  9.4, it was significant higher in comparison with means obtained in control group ( p value < 0.05), Iron deficiency anemia is the most common occurring among multiparous pregnant women (29.1%), than in normal child spacing pregnant women (16.5%) and prolonged child spacing pregnant women (0.8%). In thalassemia carrier group the hemoglobin electrophoresis showed significant increase mean levels of HbA2, and HbF were 5.8%0.8, 3.6%0.5 , and lower level of HbA 90.6% 0.5 in comparison with hemoglobin electrophoresis in control group (P value < 0.04). In homozygous sicklers HbA2 was 2.2%0.5,and there was no significant differences in comparison with control group (p. value > o.o5), while HbF 26.80.3 and HbS 70.30.6,were showed significant elevation respectively in comparison with control group (p. value < 0.05).