Abstract:
Infants and children constitute 10% of the total number of radiological
examinations Diagnostic radiology plays an important role in the assessment and
treatment of the patients in the modern medicine. It is often necessary to perform a
large number of radiographic examinations depending upon the infant's problems.
Radiographic examination of children, especially neonates, attracts particular
interest because of the increased opportunity for expression of delayed radiogenic
cancers as a consequence of relative longer life expectancy. The yield of certain
forms of radiation-induced cancer, particularly leukemia, appears to be some five
times higher in children than in adults. Radiation dosimetry is well established for
adults’ radiological examinations, but there are limited pediatric data available
The current study intends to: Evaluate the radiation dose to 303 pediatric patients
during: pediatric: CT, planar radiography and special investigation (intravenous
urography (IVU), Barium studies, and maturating cystourethrography (MCU), and
Barium studies) and estimate the risk of the aforementioned procedures. The data
used in this Study was collected from five hospitals: Gafar Ibn Oaf pediatric
hospital and Alribat teaching hospital, Royal care hospital, Alamal national hospital
and Royal scan center. Khartoum, Sudan.
Measurements of ESD using output parameters were carried out in a sample of 303
pediatric patients who underwent various radiological examinations
The ESDs in this study were calculated using DoseCal software. For dose
measurement using the software, the relationship between X-ray unit current time
product (mAs) and the air kerma free in air was established at a reference point of
100 cm from tube focus for the range of tube potentials encountered in clinical
practice. The X-ray tube outputs, in mGy (mAs), were measured using Unfors Xi
dosimeter (Unfors Inc., Billdal, Sweden). Effective doses (E) were calculated using
