Bacterial Contamination of Cow Raw Milk in Khartoum State, Sudan.

Abstract

This study was conducted to isolate and identify some pathogenic bacteria which contaminate raw milk and to assess the risk factors associated with milk consumption in the seven localities of Khartoum state (Khartoum, Jabal Awlia, Bahri, Sharg Elnil, Omdurman, Ombadda, Karary) and to estimate the knowledge and awareness of dairy workers and milk consumers about milk borne diseases by aquestionnaire which conducted for 200 milk workers and consumers fromJuly 2018 to July 2020and Atotal of 102 samples of raw cow milk were collected in winter , summer and autumn seasons from December 2018 to October 2019 from milk equipment , udders of milking cows, and venders, samples were analyzed and examined for detection of coliform bacteria and some pathogens contaminate raw milk causing milk borne diseases and effect on public health .The isolates were identified morphologically and biochemically and the results revealed that all examined samples showed growth of Gram negative bacteria (233 isolates) and recorded as follow : E.coli spp. 75(32.19%), Klebsiella spp. 30(12.88%) Salmonella spp.15(6.44%), Shigella spp. 20(8.58%), Proteus spp 66(28.33%),and Pseudomonas spp .7(11.58%) . According to the source of collection the isolates were 65(27.9%) from the udders , 93(40%) from equipment , and 75(32.1%) from vendors and this indicate high contamination in milk equipment , and according to the seasons the isolates were 35(15.0%) in winter, 66(28.3%) in summer , and 132(56.7%) in autumn respectively ,and this indicates high contamination in autumn season A questionnaire survey was conducted to estimate the knowledge and awareness of dairy workers and milk consumers about milk borne diseases associated with milk contamination and effect on public health, the survey was done from July 2018 to July 2020 in Khartoum state. A total of 200 respondents were selected randomly(30 dairy holders, 50 farm workers, 25 milk sellers, and 95 milk consumers) using a structural questionnaire with questions consisting demographic characters of the respondents from the seven localities of Khartoum state (Khartoum, Jabal Awlia, Sharg Elnil, Bahri, Omdurman, Ombadda, Karary). The results revealed that the age 18-45 years in dairy holders were 13(43.3%), milk farmers 40(80.0%), milk sellers 17(68.0%), and milk consumers were 20(21.0). Most of the respondents were studied primary education .About 143(79.17%) of them were known milk borne diseases,but 57(20.83%)were not known the disease. The incidence of the infection by consuming raw milk was 16.7% in dairy holders, 46.0% in milk farmers, 8.0% in milk sellers, and 30.5%in consumers. From the results, the conclusion was that contamination of milk by bacteria is high and because of this dairy workers need more awareness about sanitary measures.