Detection of Parvovirus B19 among Pregnant Women in First Trimester in Jeddah -Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Human parvovirus B19 infection is common during pregnancy. Approximately 30-50% of pregnant women are non-immune to the virus and this is of particular importance during epidemic years, which occur in a 3–6-year cycle. This is cross sectional study was aimed for serological detection of parvovirus B19 antibodies in serum of pregnant women in the first trimester in Albadria Tawer Medical Center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, during the period from July 2019 to April 2020. Blood samples were collected from 87 pregnant women their age ranged 17-45 years of age attending antenatal clinic. All samples were tested for the presence of parvovirus B19 IgM antibodies using ELISA (Dynex technology) and analyzed result by using SPSS computer program version 22.0 with T test and P value was obtained (P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Parvovirus B19 IgM antibodies were detected in 7/87 (8.0%) of the total samples examined. Most of the positive cases were in pregnant women aged 25-35 years 33/87 (37.9%) followed by 28/87 (32.2%) in pregnant women less than 25 years of age. However, the pregnant women less than 35 years of age had the lowest 26 (29.9%) parvovirus B19seropositivity. Parvovirus B19 seropositivity was 2(2.3%) among the pregnant women that had abortion, and this did not reach statistical significance. The seropositivity of parvovirus B19 IgM antibodies among pregnant women that had history of blood transfusion was 1 (1.1%). There was no statistical correlation of serological finding of the parvovirus B19 and age of patients, while non-significant difference with other risk factors. The seropositivity of parvovirus B19 IgM antibodies among pregnant with multigravida in which 7(8.0%) were IgM positive, but there was no significant association. The study concluded that found Lower frequency of IgM (Seropositivity) (8.6%) among Pregnant women .There was insignificant association between B19V infection and others (age, gravidity, history of miscarriage, history of blood transfusion).