Association of ABO Blood Group/ Rhesus Factor with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Potential Risk Factors

Abstract

This is analytical Hospital based case control study conducted at Ibn Sina Hospital in Khartoum State aimed to assess the possible association of ABO blood group/Rhesus factor with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and potential risk factors in the period from March to June 2019. Two ml of remnant blood sample was used were collected from hundred endoscopically diagnosed UGIB patients and two ml of blood sample were collected from hundred healthy individuals. A verbal consent had been taken from all the participants before the beginning of the study.Aquestionnaire was constructed to obtain some of the participants characteristics. ABO blood group and Rhesus factor were determined by the slide method . The obtained data were analyzed by Chi Square test and One Way Anova test using Statistical Package For Social Sciences (SPSS) version( 20).Males represent 78% of the UGIB patients while females were 22%. The age range of the UGIB patients was (18-90) years, the highest percentage (40%) of GIB was found in patients aged (41-60) years old and the least percentage (27%) was found in patients aged more than 60 years. The highest percentage of UGIB occurrence (66%) was found in Gezira State and the least percentage (3%) was in North Sudan.The order of ABO blood group distribution in the patient was (O>B>A>AB) which is different from that of the control group (O>A>B>AB). ABO blood group occurrence in patients and control group was:(O 59% vs 50%),(B 20% vs 17%), (A 16% vs 26%), (AB 5% vs 7%).No association was found between ABO blood group and UGIB (P> 0.05). Blood group Rh +ve in the patients and control group are 94% vs 95% . Blood group Rh-ve in patients and control group were 6% vs 5%. No association was observed between Rhesus blood group and UGIB (P> 0.05). The endoscopic findings were oesophageal varices (57),peptic ulcer (34) and fundal varices(9). The highest frequency of all the endoscopic findings (59) was found in blood group O.There was a statistically significant association between UGIB and H.pylori infection (P.value 0.05) , use of NSAID (P.value 0.00),spicy food(P.value 0.002) and toombak dipping (P.value0.01).There is no significan association (P≤0.29), (P≤0.56), (P≤0.10), (P≤0.61),(P≤0.13) between endoscopic finding and bilharzias,coffee consumption ,tea consumption,alcohol consumption,cigarete smoking respectively. The most common clinical outcome was hematemesis and melena (61%)and its highest frequency was (35) in blood group O patients.