Assessment of Radioactive Iodine Isotope Therapy for Hyperthyroidism Patients

Abstract

This study aimed to assess radioactive iodine therapy as a treatment of choice for hyperthyroidism, in order to assess the efficiency of the treatment. Gamma camera scintigraphy of thyroid gland, radioiodine uptake, and laboratory test of TFT profile together being the most accurate methods of identification and assessment of thyroid pathologies and its response outcome. This was analytical case-control study was designed to define the role of radioactive iodine treatment in the hyperthyroidism patients at Khartoum Oncology Hospital (KOH) from October 2018 to December 2019 by measuring the radioiodine uptake of the thyroid gland and TFT profile pretreatment and correlate the results with the TFT findings in 3 months, the data was collected using master data sheet and analyzed by Excel and SPSS program. 120 patients (23 males, 97 females; mean age, 42.98±12.099 year) underwent radioactive iodine therapy. The mean value of thyroid uptake percentage during these scans was (18.28±12.17), the most affected age group was 40-49 years having a frequency of 33 (27.5%). The mean dose used to ablate thyroid tissue was 13.45mCi. the levels of the thyroid hormones T3 & T4 and TSH post-treatment result showed that the mean value of these hormones was 6.9, 4.2, 2.8, and 2.5 (nmol/L) for T3, 222.1, 134, 119, 119.2 and 113.4 (nmol/L) for T4, and 0.37, 6.34, 5.3, 2.8, and 2.3 (nmol/L) for TSH respectively, A significant paired sample T-test was performed in order to test the difference between these values for the same patients mentioned at the Confidence level of CL=95% and p value= 0.05, the test was significant at P= 0.000, which mean that the thyroid hormone is significantly changing in these period and parenchymal tissues were ablated successfully and this study ensures that radioiodine therapy is the treatment of hyperthyroidism patients for their gradually reducing elevated TFT to reach normal range.