Measurement of Serum Calcium, Phosphorous and Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Sudanese Cigarette Smokers

Abstract

A prospective study conducted during April to August 2013 to compare serum level of calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatas activity of 50 apparently health individual cigarette smokers and 50 apparently health individual nonsmokers as control group from Khartoum state. Blood specimens were collected from both groups and serum levels of calcium, phosphorous and alkaline phosphatas were estimated used Spectrophotometeric methods. Statistical package for social science (SPSS version 11.5) computer software was used for data analysis. Mean ± SD age (35.13 ± 15.46, 31.24 ± 10.20) for smokers and nonsmokers respectively. Mean of smoked cigarette and duration of smoking (11.36 ± 8.4, 12 ± 11.37) respectively. Comparison of estimated biochemical parameters in this study showed at P≤ 0.005. There means no significant difference in calcium and phosphate Levels between smokers and nonsmokers with p-value (0.44, 0.54) and mean ± SD (7.5 ±1.3, 7.7 ±1.0) mg/dl and (4.6 ±1.4, 4.5 ±1.1) for smokers and nonsmokers respectively. While alkaline phosphatase reveled significant increase in smokers group comparer to nonsmokers P-value≤ 0.00 with mean ± SD (167.3 ± 84.9, 107.9±38.0) for smokers and nonsmokers respectively. This study revealed positive correlation between age and ALP, phosphate, number of cigarette per day and duration of smoking correlation coefficient (0.36, 0.095, 0.08, 0.298) respectively. While weak negative correlation found between age and calcium levels. Duration of smoking showed positive correlation with ALP and number of cigarette, While weak negative corralled found with calcium and phosphate levels correlation coefficient (0.198, 0.66, -0.11, -0.30) respectively. Number of cigarette smoke per day showed positive correlation with ALP, calcium, phosphate correlation coefficient (0.282 , 0.45) respectively and no correlation with calcium correlation coefficient(0.00) . positive correlation assessed with phosphate and ALP, calcium correlation coefficient (0.65, 0.295) respectively. While weak negative correlation found between calcium levels and ALP correlation coefficient (-0.15). Smoking has significantly increase levels of serum alkaline phosphatase . But it has insignificantly increase or decrease the levels of calcium and phosphate.