Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamases among Bacteria Isolated from Patients in El Hawata Rural Hospital

Abstract

The resistance to the antibiotics is a worldwide health problem. β-lactam antibiotics are the most common used antibiotics for several systemic infections. The production β-lactamase enzymes lead to treatment failure and longer hospital stay. The objective of this study was to detect the Extended Spectrum β-lactamases producer bacteria from clinical isolates in El Hawata Rural Hospital in Al Gadarif State. A total of 120 different clinical specimens were collected. These including 100 urine and 20 wound specimens. The specimens were collected from both males and females, and then cultured on MacConkey agar, Mannitol Salt Agar, Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar and Blood agar to isolate the pathogenic bacteria. Identification was done by colonial morphology, Gram's stain and biochemical tests. The isolates were tested for susceptibility to several antibiotics using disc diffusion technique. Double disc confirmatory test was used to detect production of Extended Spectrum β-lactamases. The results revealed that the identified bacteria were as follow; 65(65%) E. coli, 15 K. pneumoniae, 10(10%) Ps. aeruginosa, and 10(10%) S. aureus; while 20 samples yielded no growth. The most frequent isolated organisms from the urine specimens were the E. coli with (75% = 60/80), K. pneumoniae (12.5% = 10/80), Ps. aeruginosa (10% = 8/80), S. aureus (2.5% = 2/80). While most common isolate in the wound swabs was the S. aureus (40% = 8/20), E. coli (25% = 5/20), K. pneuomniae (25% = 5/20), and the Ps. aeruginosa was (10%= 2/20). The isolates were (100%) sensitive to imipenem, (83%) sensitive to ciprofloxacin, (79%) sensitive to nitrofurantoin and (48%) sensitive to ceftazidime. The isolates showed 41 out of 100 (41%) for ESBL production by the double disc confirmatory test. It is concluded that high frequency of ESBL production among E. coli and K. pneuomniae from the different clinical specimens.