Profile of ketamine and combination of ketamine-xylazine in domestic fowl Gallus domesticus

Abstract

Ketamine hydrochloride was tested as a general anesthetic (I/M) injected at a dose rate of (1.49 mg/kg) the dose was chosen according to the equation (y=9.5x±34) obtained by Elowni and Sanhouri et al., (2018) to 3-days old domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) numbers of birds 5 in each group of study. The time for onset of anesthesia: mean ± standard deviation 31 ± 37.28 seconds, stable anesthesia: mean ± standard deviation 21 ± 6.28 minutes, compared to onset of anesthesia in Ketamine (60mg/kg), in the quail (Coturnix coturnix) mean ± standard deviation 7 ± 1.56minutes and the duration of anesthesia 44.1±12.99minutes respectively. In another experiment xylazine was used at doses of 2.5, 1, 0.5(mg/kg ( . The time for onset of anesthesia: mean ± standard deviation 42.40 ± 22.75seconds for (2.5 mg/kg), 56.40 ± 33.20seconds for(1mg/kg) and 21.40 ± 24.96seconds for(0.5mg/kg) compared to 9.7±2.11 minutes for the quail study(18mg/kg). The time for duration of anesthesia: mean ± standard deviation 83 ± 15.46 for (2.5 mg/kg), 50.40 ± 10.35 for (1mg/kg), and 18±1.58 for (0.5mg/kg), compared to the quail study (using xylazine,18mg/kg) mean ± standard deviation 40.8±3.9 minutes. Ketamine + Xylazine (30mg/kg, 9mg/kg), the onset: mean ± standard deviation 1.9 ± 0.53 minutes. The stable anesthesia mean ± standard deviation 77.8 ± 18.62, (Durrani and Mohammed et al., 2014). The combination of Ketamine at dose rate of 2.5mg/kg ad Xylazine 0.8 mg/kg in our study resulted in 100% mortality and this in contrast to the study of Durrani and Mohammed et al., (2014) in quail (Coturnix coturnix). The difference could be attributed to the age of the birds and the dose level. Further work is eminent to through some light on the combination of Ketamine and Xylazine in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus).