Multi Drugs Resistant Gram-negative Bacteria among Patients in King Faisal Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria can cause infections that pose a serious threat for hospitalized patients and especially patients in intensive care units. The objective of this study was to detect multi drug resistant bacteria among the patients in King Faisal Hospital using the microbiological diagnostic methods. Clinical specimens were collected from both males and females patients. The specimens were urine, wound swab, sputum, blood, vaginal swab, eye swab, ear swab, stool, Acitic fluid and tracheal aspirate. Basic information were included gender, age and ward type were obtained from patients records.The specimens were inoculated in different culture media to isolate the causative agents .These included CLED agar , blood agar, MacConkey's agar, chocolate agar, Salmonella-Shigella agar and selenite F broth. The identification of the organisms and antibiotics susceptibility test was done from the significant growth using BD Phoenix automated identification and susceptibility testing system. A total of one hundred and fifty specimens were investigated. The specimens collected from patients aged 2 days to 104 years, mean age 49.22 years , SD ±24.51. The patients were 91 females and 59 males. All specimens (n=150) investigated showed bacterial growth. The identified bacteria were K. pneumoniae was most frequent pathogen 53 (35.3%), followed by E. coli 46 (30.7%), Pseudomoas aeruginosa 26 (17.3%), Proteus mirabilis 12 (8.0%), Acinetobacter baumannii 5 (3.3%), Enterobacter cloacae 4 (2.7%) , Salmonella spp. 2 (1.3%), Providencia spp.1(0.7%) and Citrobacter spp. 1 (0.7%). Multi-drug resistance pathogens were 95(63.3 %) of the isolates . The study demonstrated high multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria implicated in the infections, further studies with large sample size are required to validate the results of this studies.