Prevalence and Quantities Assessment of Cytokines in Malaria Infection in East Nile locality-khartoum state

Abstract

A cross sectional study was carried out from May to July 2018 in the East Nile locality which Located in the eastern part of the Khartoum state to determine the prevalence of malaria and quantities assessment of cytokines that are supposed to be involved in malaria pathogenesis. Peripheral venous blood samples were taken from patients for making blood film as well as for serum cytokines concentration measurement .10 selected negative (control) samples and 29 positive (patients) samples were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays obtained commercially. The prevalence of malaria among 384 randomly selected patients in the East Nile, s revealed a prevalence rate of 18.5%. Falciparum malaria is the most prevalent and constitutes about 13% of all infections, while vivax malaria has prevalence of 4.6% and the lowest prevalence rate 0.8% was for mixed infection (P. falciparum and P.vivax). The study showed that Males had higher prevalence rate 22.7% than females 15.6% rate. The prevalence based on age groups revealed that highest prevalence rate 20.1% was reported in the age group less than 10years old followed by11-49 age group with prevalence rate of 19.7% and the lowest prevalence rate 2% was reported among more than 50 year age group. the highest prevalence rate 53.8% of moderate parasitemia was reported among the less than 10 years age group, high prevalence rate 34.5% of mild parasitemia was reported among the 11-49 years age group, Lower prevalence rates of 2% and mild parasitemia 12.1% was reported among age group more than 50 years old. In this study detailed analysis showed manifestation of the disease is significantly associated with elevated serum levels of IFN-γ in comparison with the values measured in the sera of the healthy controls. Sex-specific cytokine profiles showed that males produce high levels of IL-10, than the females, and there was a significant difference. But there was no significant different in the production of IFN-γ, and TNF-α. levels of cytokine responses for age groups less than 10 years , 11-49 and more than 50 age group, for both children and adults, the median levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ responses were shown greater than TNF-α. In addition, association was found significant between IL-10 serum concentration and age groups. No significant correlation of cytokines levels and parasitaemia was found in the studied group. Study also found significant correlation of cytokines level and recurrent shown in TNF-α- at and IL – 10. The study concludes that, the IL – 10 was significant with age group and gender as well as in recurrent infection.