Estimation of TNF-αCytokine in Sudanese Sickle cell Disease Patients During Vaso-occlusive Crisis and the Steady State Condition In Khartoum state

Abstract

Sickle cell anemia is characterized by the presence of hemoglobin S where glutamic acid is replaced by valine, in low oxygen conditions which promotes polymerization of Hemoglobin which distorts RBCs into a sickle shape which leading to vessel occlusion the activations of leucocytes,RBCs and platelets lead to production of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. TNF-α cytokine stimulates increased expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, contributing to leukocyte and RBC adhesion to endothelial cells and lead to the vascular inflammatory state that is present in Sickle cell anemia. This study aimed of estimate the serum level of TNF-α cytokine in Sudanese sickle cell disease patients during vaso occlusive crisis and the steady state condition.This study included 88 participants (patients and normal subjects); 28 as control 60 as cases(30 as steady state and 30 as vasooclusive crisis) started from July(2018) to April (2019), the samples collection done by standard procedure in plain containers and then centrifuged to obtained serum for analysis in sandwich ELISA to estimated the level of TNF-α in sickle cell patients and control. The study revealed increased mean of TNF-α cytokine level in vasooclusive crisis(5.51 ± 1.05) compared to steady state(1.76 ± 3.16) in Sickle cell patients and control group(2.30± 3.10) ,and no significant difference between groups. The study conducted that increased level of TNF-α cytokine in vasooclusion crisis in comparison of steady state in sickle cell anemia and control group, demonstrates that the cytokine play important role in developed of vasooclusive crisisin sickle cell anemia