Association of Beta Fibrinogen 455 G-A Gene Polymorphism with Fibrinogen Level and Micro Vascular Complications in Diabetic Hypertensive Sudanese Patients

Abstract

This was a case control study conducted on a total of 300 type 2 diabetic hypertensive Sudanese patients with micro vascular complications as case group and 100 non diabetic non hypertensive as control group at Khartoum teaching hospital in Khartoum state during the time period from January 2014 to April 2017, age range between 30 and 90 years, age mean 57.2years, male and female with or without complications. Blood sample was collected 5ml and divided into 3 ml in trisodium citrate 3.8% plasma was separated and stored at -20 0C for fibrinogen assay, 2 ml blood was drawn into EDTA, plasma was separated and stored at -200C for ELISA assay and leukocytes was used for genotyping, the study aimed to investigate the association between beta fibrinogen 455 G→A gene polymorphisms with fibrinogen, D-dimer, fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (FDPs) levels with demographic and clinical data. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction by restriction fragment length polymorphism Hae III and fibrinogen was assessed by coagulometer, D-Dimer and FDPs measured by ELISA: There were common increase of fibrinogen, D- dimer and FDPs levels in A/A allele’s genotype in case study. There was risk factor when compared G/G with GA+A/A in dominant model (ood ratio=1.8) (P-value=0.010).There were more frequencies of female when compared to male in case and control groups, essential hypertension more common in case group than secondary. Micro vascular complications were present in fewer patients when compared to absent complications in patients group. There were no statistically significant association between alleles genotype A/A, G/G and G/A with absence or presence of neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy and male compared to female. There were statistically significant increase in mean fibrinogen, D-dimer and FDPs when compared patients to control groups (P-value=0.00). There were no statistically significant association in mean fibrinogen, D-dimer and FDPs when compared male to female in case group (P-value=0.131, 0.096 and 0.340) respectively. There were no statistically significant in mean fibrinogen, D-dimer and FDPs when compared essential and secondary hypertension stage. (P-value=0.687, 0.350 and 0.663) respectively. They were statistically significant increase in mean fibrinogen, D-dimer and FDPs in duration time of both diabetes mellitus and hypertension (P-value=0.006. 0.003 and 0.009) respectively. There were statistically significant increase in mean fibrinogen, D-dimer and FDPs when patients with neuropathy compared to those without neuropathy(P-value=0.012. 0.008 and 0.005) respectively .There were statistically significant increase in mean fibrinogen when patients with nephropathy compared to those without nephropathy (P-value=0.021), mean of D-dimer when patients with retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy(P-value=0.004) and mean fibrinogen, D-dimer and FDPs when compared between age group in study group (P-value=0.001, 0.003 and 0.047) respectively.