Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Due to the sensibility of power issue in wireless sensor networks and the limitations of power sources, preserving energy issue prepossess most recent advances researches in this field. Routing protocols have considerable space in those researches, and the hierarchal algorithms like LEACH are a common kind of important techniques used to decrease energy consumption in sensor networks. It increases the network scalability and prolonging network lifetime. Hierarchal based energy efficient routing protocols should be designed to adapt with characteristics of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. In this paper a new LEACH based clustering scheme for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks proposed, which is called master, advance, and normal nodes LEACH (MAN-LEACH) deal with heterogeneity and attempt to remedy some original LEACH drawbacks. In MAN-LEACH, the cluster heads are selected by take in consideration the ratio between residual energy of each node in network after certain round and the average energy of the network. So the chances to become a cluster head for nodes are differ according to the residual energy they have. Also MAN-LEACH introduced multi levels of amplifying energy to transmit packets through network, the lowest level used to transmission between cluster members and cluster head, the middle to transmit between cluster heads and highest level used to transmit between cluster heads and base station. The performance of MAN-LEACH evaluated against three other protocol approaches LEACH, MOD-LEACH, DEEC, and simulation results show that MAN-LEACH gives longer lifetime, highest average residual energy rate, and highest rate in transferring packets to base station