Evaluation of Coronary Artery Diseases using Computed Tomography Angiography and Cardiac Catheterization

Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a main cause of death in large parts of world. The aim of this study was to evaluate Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD) in hypertensive and diabetic patients. The study was conducted in Royal Care and Sharg-alneil Specialized Hospitals. 150 Patients was enrolled in the study, their age ranged (20-90) 100 cases of cardiac catheterization and 50 cases of CT angiography. The data was collected via data sheet and analysed by SPSS and Excel. The coronary artery calcium score was assessed with the application of dedicated software. Coronary artery calcium was identified as a dense area in the coronary artery exceeding the threshold of 130 Hounsfield units. Coronary arteries were reviewed in consensus by two experienced radiologists and a cardiologist; segments were evaluated for the presence of any atherosclerotic plaque using axial images and curved multiplanar reconstructions in various planes. One coronary plaque was assigned per coronary segment. CAD was defined as coronary atherosclerosis, with either nonobstructive or obstructive lesions. As the cutoff for whether or not a lesion was obstructive, a threshold of 50% luminal narrowing was used. The result of the study showed that male was affected more than female, diabetic patients were more affected than hypertensive patients. The diagnostic finding showed highest frequency for mild stenosis of coronary artery. Most of patients were considered normal left and right coronary artery. Furthermore, calcium score values ranged between (0 – 803) units. The correlation between the calcium score and risk factor was found to be significant in diabetes at (p< 0.05) with no significant relation seen in other patient groups. No significant correlations were found between increasing of Calcium Score values and aging and obesity. CCTA is useful in detection of CAD in patients with DM and hypertension, either with or without symptoms of atypical chest pain.