Molecular Detection of KRAS Gene Mutation Codon12 Exon 1 in Thyroid Tumors Among Sudanese Patients

Abstract

This is descriptive retrospective analytical case study, was conducted in Sudan university of science and technology at research laborotary and Omdurman teaching hospital during the period from September to December 2017.the study aimed to detect the expression of KRAS gene mutation codon 12 exon 1 in thyroid tumors among Sudanese patient's using allele specific oligonucleotide (ASO) PCR technique. Forty formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks previously diagnosed as thyroid tumors were selected for this study, they included thirty with malignant thyroid tumors and ten with benign thyroid tumors. The data was analyzed using SPSS computer to calculate frequency, mean and Chi square test. The distribution of gender in study population was 12(30%) males and 28(70%) was females. The age of study population was ranged from 11 to 67 years with mean as 36.7 most of them were less than 50 years 33(82.5%) and the remaining 7 (17.5%) were above 50 years. The histopathological diagnosis showed that malignant tumors as papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) 16(40%), follicular thyroid cancer 9(22.5%), medullary thyroid cancer 3(7.5%), undifferentiated cancer2 (5.0%), while benign tumors show 8(20.0%) from multi nodular goiter, 1(2.5%) from hashimoto thyroiditis and also 1(2.5%) from follicular adenomas. The distribution of KRAS gene (normal and mutant) among study population presented as normal KRAS gene 15(37.5%) were negative and 25(62.5%) while mutant KRAS gene 31(77.5%) were negative and 9(22.5%) were positive. The relation between histopathological diagnosis and KRAS gene mutation (codon 12 exon 1) in benign tumors were 3 positive and 7 were negative while in malignant tumors 6 were positive and 24 were negative and P.value (0.512). The study concluded that KRAS gene mutation (codon 12 exon 1) does not play role to cause thyroid tumors may another codon and exon caused thyroid tumors. According to my study showed that female, age less than 50 years were most affected with thyroid tumors and the papillary thyroid tumor is most common malignant tumor in Sudanese patients.